【作者】 王鹤龄； 张强； 王润元； 甘延泰； 牛俊义； 赵鸿； 张凯； 赵福年； 阳伏林；

【Author】 Wang He-Ling;Zhang Qiang;Wang Run-Yuan;Gan Yan-Tai;Niu Jun-Yi;Zhao Hong;Zhang Kai;Zhao FuNian;Yang FuLing;Institute of Arid Meteorology,CMA,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster;Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Swift Current,SK S9H 3X2 Canada;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University;

【机构】 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化重点开放实验室； 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究,所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化重点开放实验室； Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre,Swift Current,SK S9H3X2 Canada； 甘肃农业大学农学院；

【摘要】 为了回答温度升高和降水波动是否对半干旱区春小麦产量、品质和病虫害产生影响,本研究在中国甘肃定西地区设立了红外增温模拟试验,利用开放式增温系统和水分控制装置,设置不同水分和温度梯度来模拟气候变化对春小麦的影响。结果表明:降水的增减对增温幅度在2℃以内的春小麦穗粒数影响不明显,而当增温幅度增至3℃时,降水减少显著影响了穗粒数,而降水的增加则有补偿作用。随着增温幅度的升高,降水减少对春小麦千粒重造成的负面影响越大;随着温度的增加春小麦不孕小穗率呈现二次曲线上升,其中降水减少和增温3℃组合下不孕小穗率可达45%;最终导致产量在降水减少20%时T1(增温1℃)、T2(增温2℃)和T3(增温3℃)分别较对照下降-12.13%、-24.72%、-42.70%;在降水不变时下降-8.37%、-15.10%、-21.82%;在降水增加20%时下降-8.95%、-15.50%、-22.19%。春小麦籽粒淀粉含量随温度的增加而下降;籽粒蛋白质含量随着温度的增加而上升。暖干化的试验情景抑制了蚜虫,不利于蚜虫的发生,降水增减或不变的的情况下增温2℃时有利于蚜虫的爆发,然而,当增温幅度达到3℃是却有抑制作用。春小麦锈病发病率随着温度的升高而上升。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to predict effects of climate changing on growth, quality and grain yields of crops, a field experiment was designed to investigate the effects of air temperature increases(0℃, 1.0℃, 2.0℃ and 3.0℃) and precipitation variations(increase 20%, not changing and increase 20%) on grain yields, quality, diseases and insect pests of spring wheat at the Dingxi Arid Meteorology and Ecological Environment Experimental Station of the Institute of Arid Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration(35°35′N, 104°37′E). The results showed that a significant precipitation effect was observed on kernel numbers of spring wheat as air temperature increase was >3°C, but not significant as temperature increase was between 0℃ and 2.0 °C. The kernel numbers of spring wheat increased with precipitation increase. Thousand kernel weight of spring wheat decreased with air temperature increase, but increased with precipitation increase. The sterile spikelet of spring wheat reached the minimum(45%)as precipitation decrease was 20% and air temperature increase was3℃. Compared with control(the combination of precipitation decrease 20% with air temperature increase 0℃), the decreases of grain yields of spring wheat were 12.13 %, 24.72 % and 42.70%, respectively, when combination of precipitation decrease 20% with air temperature increase1.0℃, 2.0℃and 3.0℃. Compared with control(the combination of precipitation not changing with air temperature increase 0℃),the decreases of grain yields of spring wheat were 8.37%, 15.10% and 21.82%, respectively, when combination of precipitation not changing with air temperature increase 1.0℃, 2.0℃ and 3.0℃.Compared with control(the combination of precipitation increase 20% with air temperature increase 0℃), the decreases of grain yields of spring wheat were 8.95%, 15.50% and 22.19%, respectively, when combination of precipitation increase 20% with air temperature increase 1.0℃, 2.0℃ and 3.0℃. The starch content of spring wheat decreased with air temperature increase, but the protein content increased. The number of aphids increased with precipitation increase, and increased with air temperature increase at first then decreased. The infection rates of rust disease increased with increases of air temperature and precipitation.更多还原