【作者】 张宇； 张蜀宁； 韩业飞； 侯喜林；

【Author】 ZHANG YU,ZHANG Shu-ning,HAN Ye-fei,HOU Xi-lin (State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement,Nanjing Agriculture University,Nanjing 210095,China)

【机构】 南京农业大学园艺学院作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 用1.5g·L^-1、2g·L^-1这两种浓度的秋水仙素对子叶期不结球白菜生长点进行不同次数的处理来进行多倍体诱导,根据形态学、解剖学、细胞学特征、农艺性状和流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定。结果表明,浓度为1.5g·L^-1的秋水仙素处理6次的效果最好,四倍体加倍率达8.55%。与二倍体相比,四倍体株高,叶片厚度、气孔大小、花器官大小、花粉粒纵横径、种子单粒径等方面表现出"巨大性"。四倍体叶片厚度、花瓣长和宽、角果长、角果棱宽、角果喙长、角果横宽、种子直径、50粒重、花粉粒长和宽、气孔长和宽、气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数分别比二倍体增加38.64%、66.31%/、19.61%、26.52%、54.57%、16.09%、16.99%、31.25%、64.28%、44.20%、87.5%,差异都达极显著。四倍体白菜可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C、干物质、粗纤维含量比二倍体分别增加14.57%、15.69%、16.2%、20.69%、16.9、57.1%差异都达极显著水平。四倍体的气孔密度显著降低。二倍体不结球白菜体细胞染色体数为2n=2x=20,四倍体染色体数为2n=4x=40。更多还原

【Abstract】 Diploid non-heading Chinese cabbage were induced by treating the apical portion of seedlings with different solution of colchicines.Autotetraploid plants were selected and identified based on morphological,anatomic,agronomic,cytological observation and flow cytometry.The results showed that the treatment with 1.5g·L^-Lcolchicine for 6 times yielded doubled chromosomes at highest rates and the rate of tetraploid was 8.55%.Compared with the diploid plants.The autotetraploid plants showed the ’enormous characteristics’ in the thickness of leaves,the size of stomatas,the size of flower organs,the length and the width of pollen grains,the size of seeds and so on.The thickness of leaves, the length and width of petal,the length、the rib width、the width of siliqua、the diamete of the seeds、the weight of 50 seeds、the length and width of pollen grain、the length and width of stomata、the chloroplast of guard cells were greater than that of diploid by 38.64%、66.31%/、19.61%、26.52%、54.57%、16.09%、16.99%、31.25%、64.28%、44.20%and87.5%,the difference is remarkable.The content of protain、solubility sugar、acid、vitaminC、dry matter and fibre were increased by 14.57%、15.69%、16.2%、20.69%、16.9、57.1%than that of diploid,the diffience is significant.The density of stomata of tetraploid is significantly decreased.The chromosome number of diploid was 2n=2x=20 while that of the tetraploid was 2n=2x=40.更多还原