【作者】 董会芹；

【Author】 DONG Hui-qin School of Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China

【机构】 山东师范大学；

【摘要】 说谎(lying)作为问题行为表现之一,多年以来一直是发展心理学研究者关注的对象(Stouthamer-Loeber,1986)。究其本质而言,说谎是心理理论在行为上的表现,是个体有意作出假的陈述并试图使接受者接受这一错误信息(Lee,2000)。在认知发展领域,研究者通常使用说谎或欺骗能力作为儿童心理理论或观点采择能力的指标(Chandler,Fritz,&Hala,1989)。因此,近些年来,说谎行为的研究愈来愈为心理学家和社会学家所重视,成为道德发展和社会认知发展的重要研究课题。随着研究的深入,国内外研究者开始关注两个方面的问题:第一,说谎是否会影响儿童的健康发展,说谎与其他问题行为之间是否具有共发性?第二,影响儿童说谎的因素有哪些?基于对上述两个问题的考虑,本研究拟使用问卷调查法考察幼儿说谎与问题行为、父母教养方式的关系,对说谎的可能结果及影响因素作初步探索。研究被试为济南市一所公立幼儿园的445名幼儿,其中3岁组66人(男孩30人,女孩36人),4岁组183人(男孩97人,女孩86人),5岁组128人(男孩72人,女孩56人)6岁组68人(男孩36人,女孩32人)。幼儿说谎的测评工具是在Ostrov(2006)所编制的幼儿说谎问卷-教师报告(CFS-TF)的基础上修订而成的,儿童问题行为的测评工具为儿童行为记录表——家长版(CBCL),父母教养方式的测评使用Block编制、陈欣银等人翻译并修订的父母教养方式量表(CRPR)(Chen,Hastings,Rubin et al.,1998)。结果发现:(1)幼儿说谎能够正向显著预测除社交退缩以外的其他所有问题行为;(2)儿童说谎与父母温暖、指导性呈显著负相关,与父母拒绝、惩罚和溺爱呈显著正相关;(3)高说谎儿童父母在控制维度上一致性低;(4)与低说谎儿童父母相比,高说谎儿童的父亲和母亲温暖少,母亲惩罚多,父亲拒绝多。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the problem behaviors,lying among children has been studied by developmental scholars for many years(Stouthamer-Loeber,1986).Lying,in essence,is theory of mind in action.Lying refers to the act by which one deliberately makes a false statement with intent to instill false beliefs into the mind of the statement’s recipient(Lee,2000).Cognitive developmental psychologists often have used young children lying or deception capabilities as an index of early theory of mind or perspective-taking abilities(e.g.,Chandler,Fritz,& Hala,1989). In recent years,children’s lying had been pained more and more attentions by developmental and sociological scholars as both the main subject of moral development and social cognition development.With the deep research of children’s lying,researchers began to pain close attention to the two problems as follows:First,does lying influence children’s health in body and mind? Or lying occurred with other problem behaviors? Second,what makes children lying? Based on this, we will study the links between lying,problem behavior and parenting style in preschool children to preliminarily explore the effects and causes of lying.Subjects were 445 children from a public kindergarten of Jinan city.The sample consisted of 66 aged 3 years(30 boys and 36 girls),183 aged 4 years(97 boys and 86 girls),128 aged 5 years(72 boys and 56 girls) and 68 aged 6 years (36 boys and 32 girls).Lying was measured by the Children’s False Statement-Parents Form revised by Children’s False Statement-Teacher Form which was developed by Ostrov(2006). Children’s problem behaviors were measured by Child Behavior Checklist-Parents Report Form. Family Function Device which were developed by Block and revised by Chen and his colleagues (Chen,Hastings,Rubin et al.,1998) was used to investigate parenting style.Results showed that: (1) Children’s lying had significant positive effect on all other problem behaviors except social withdrawal.(2) Children’s lying was negatively related to parents’ warmth and induction,but was positively related to parents’ rejection,punishment and indulgence.(3) Fathers whose children with the highest level of lying were not consistent with mothers in controlling.(4) Compared to the parents with children having the lowest level of lying,parents with children having the highest level of lying showed less warmth,mothers showed more punishment and fathers showed more rejection.更多还原