【作者】 徐江兵； 冯有智； 王一明； 林先贵； 王俊华；

【Author】 Jiangbing Xu~(1,2,3),Youzhi Feng~(1,2),Yiming Wang~(1,2),Xiangui Lin~(1,2),Junhua Wang~(1,2) (1.State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing,210008,Jiangsu Province,P.R.China; 2.Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment,Hongkong Baptist University & Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008,People’s Republic of China; 3.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,People’s Republic of China)

【机构】 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室； 中国科学院南京土壤研究所-香港浸会大学土壤与环境联合开放实验室； 中国科学院研究生院；

【摘要】 本研究以甜叶菊渣为主要研究对象,通过不施肥处理(Control)、常规化肥处理(CF)、常规化肥基础上增施新鲜的甜叶菊渣及菌剂(Fresh)、常规化肥基础上增施腐熟的甜叶菊渣(OM)等试验处理,探讨甜叶菊渣不同还田方式对甜叶菊产量、品质的影响,揭示其微生物学机制。结果表明,施肥处理均显著增加了甜叶菊干叶产量,并提高甜叶菊中莱苞迪甙(R-A)含量,其中OM处理增产幅度最大;甜叶菊地上部分的差异与土壤的养分供应、土壤微生物学等性质密切相关;OM和Fresh处理中土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、转化酶活性均显著高于CK、CF处理,说明增施甜叶菊渣促进了土壤中的碳、氮循环。进一步采用BIOLOGECO微平板方法对土壤微生物功能多样性进行分析。结果表明,增施甜叶菊渣的处理(OM和Fresh)土壤的AWCD显著高于未施处理(CK、CF)的土壤;主成分分析表明,微生物对单一碳源的利用能力产生分异,在第一主成分上,增施甜叶菊渣处理的与未施甜叶菊渣处理显著区分开。采用基于细菌16S rRNA基因的PCR-DGGE对土壤中细菌群落结构进行分析表明,增施甜叶菊渣处理土壤中细菌群落结构产生了变化,施肥对土壤细菌群落结构影响最大;其次,OM处理中的细菌丰富度最高,即优于其他施肥处理。对指纹图谱的主要条带测序分析表明,Bacillus对不同施肥有显著响应。因此,对各处理中Bacillus进一步分析,结果表明,增施甜叶菊渣处理(OM和Fresh)能促进土壤中芽孢杆菌的生长,芽孢杆菌数量及种类的增加可能是甜叶菊渣促进甜叶菊生长及提高R-A含量的因素之一。综上所棕,甜叶菊渣是一种良好生物资源,以其为有机肥料,可提高土壤微生物功能和优化其结构,进而促进土壤碳、氮循环,最终提高甜叶菊产量及品质,该研究不仅解决了甜叶菊企业废渣排放引起的环境污染问题,更实现了甜叶菊产业发展的良性循环,具有很好的经济效益及推广前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a cash crop,Stevia rebaudiana(Bert.) Bertoni is now cultivated on worldwide scale. Compared by the aboveground,the knowledge of the belowground of S.rebaudiana is far too limited.In this study,we conducted multiple approaches,including soil enzyme assay,BIOLOG and molecular methods etc.,to investigate the bacterial community and the specific functional guild in S.rebaudiana soil, as well as their responses to different fertilizations.Our results showed that compared with chemical fertilization and control without fertilization,organic manure fertilizations,fermented or fresh residue of 5. rebaudiana after the extraction of the sweetening agent,could increase soil bacterial functional diversity and their abundance,make their community composition shifted,and thereby promote S.rebaudiana growth and quality.One of the microbial underlying mechanisms was that Bacillus,mainly response for degrading organic matters in soils,were stimulated by organic manure fertilizations;concomitantly,their compositions also were changed.In summary the knowledge of microorganisms in S.rebaudiana soil and their responses to different fertilizations would guild us how to increase S.rebaudiana yields and quality from the sustainable viewpoint,in order to give better service to human beings.更多还原