中国“低焦油香烟”并没有使其尼古丁和致癌物质含量降低

【作者】 甘泉； 卢伟； 徐继英； 李新建； Maciej Goniewicz； Neal L Benowitz； Stanton A Glantz；

【Author】 Maciej Goniewicz,Neal L Benowitz,Stanton A Glantz

【机构】 国际防痨和肺部疾病联合会； 加州大学旧金山分校烟草控制研究和教育中心； 上海疾病预防控制中心； 加州大学旧金山分校医学和生物药学系； 加州大学旧金山分校癌症中心医学系和心血管疾病研究院；

【摘要】 背景在中国,吸低焦油香烟越来越受到欢迎,中国烟草总公司承诺低焦油香烟比普通香烟更安全。方法在上海共招募543名男性吸烟者,随机分成3组,分别吸焦油含量不同的香烟(15mg普通香烟;10～13mg低焦油香烟;<10mg低焦油香烟),入选者需完成一份与吸烟习惯有关的问卷,同时提供一份尿液标本以检测尼古丁的代谢产物可替宁和反-3-羟基可替宁。另外,随机抽取了177份尿液标本并检测其中致癌物质PAHs以及烟草中特有的NNK、NNAL和NNAL-葡糖苷酸含量。由于浓缩和稀释尿液可能导致上述检测物变性,我们通过肌酸酐对最终结果进行标准化。结果低焦油烟吸烟者的吸烟量比普通烟吸烟者的吸烟量较少,差异存在统计学意义(P=0.001);然而,低焦油烟吸烟者尿液中的可替宁、反-3-羟基可替宁及PAHs浓度与普通烟吸烟者比较并不存在显著差异;同时,低焦油量烟吸烟者尿液中NNHL浓度却高于高焦油量烟吸烟者。结论中国"低焦油香烟"并没有使其尼古丁和致癌物质含量降低,所以,低焦油香烟并不能减少其对人体的危害。中国烟草总公司所承诺的"低焦油香烟比普通香烟更安全"违背了世界卫生组织在2005年所颁布的全球控烟协定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background Low-tar cigarette smoking is gaining popularity in China.The China National Tobacco Corporation(CNTC) promotes low-tar cigarettes as safer than regular cigarettes.Methods A total of 543 male smokers smoking cigarettes with different tar yields(15 mg,regular cigarettes,10e13 mg low-tar cigarettes and <10 mg low-tar cigarettes) were recruited in Shanghai,China,who then completed a questionnaire on smoking behavior and provided a urine sample for analysis of the nicotine metabolites cotinine and trans-39-hydroxycotinine.A total of 177 urine samples were selected at random for the analysis of the carcinogens polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites(PAHs)(1-hydroxypyrene,naphthols,hydroxyfluorenes and hydroxyphenanthrenes) and the tobacco specificnitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone(NNK) metabolites,4-(methylnitrosamino)-1(3-pyridyl)-butanol(NNAL) and NNAL-glucuronide.Values were normalised by creatinine to correct for possible distortions introduced by dilution or concentration of the urine.Results Smokers of low-tar cigarettes smoked fewer cigarettes per day(p 0.001) compared to smokers of regular cigarettes.Despite this lower reported consumption,levels of cotinine,trans-39-hydroxycotinine and PAHs in urine of people smoking low-tar cigarettes were not correlated with nominal tar delivery of the cigarettes they smoked.Urine concentrations of NNAL were higher in smokers of lower tar than higher tar cigarettes.Conclusions Chinese low-tar cigarettes do not deliver lower doses of nicotine and carcinogens than regular cigarettes,therefore it is unlikely that there would be any reduction in harm.CNTC’s promotion of low-tar cigarettes as ’less harmful’ is a violation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control,which China ratified in 2005.更多还原