【作者】 刘海营； 钱新明； 杜志明；

【Author】 LIU Hai-ying,QIAN Xin-ming,DU Zhi-ming (State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science & Technology,Beijing Institute ofTechnology,Beijing 100081,China)

【机构】 北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 为了从源头上预防和控制烟花爆竹安全生产事故的发生,对亟待解决的烟火药剂安全进行了研究,制备了以高氯酸钾（KCIO₄）和硝酸钾（KNO₃）为主要成分的重结晶复合氧化剂和含催化剂的复合氧化剂,并通过AKTS软件对典型烟火药剂的动力学和热安全性进行了系统研究。结果表明:采用溶剂-非溶剂方法制备重结晶复合氧化剂;选取氧化铁（Fe₂O₃）和氧化铜（CuO）分别作为KCIO₄和KNO₃的催化剂,并分别采用结晶法和混合法作为添加方式制备含催化剂的复合氧化剂;典型烟火药剂的热物性参数、动力学参数以及安全性参数各异,且有的相差甚远,通过热安全性数据可以定性和定量的比较各种药剂的相对安全性。同时,药剂稳定性曲线和自加速分解温度（SADT）曲线说明:外界环境温度不同,发生热失控所需的时间也不同,在发生热失控的时间内采取适宜的措施及时将积累的热量散失出去是预防发生燃爆事故的根本方法。复合氧化剂和典型烟火药剂热安全性研究为烟花爆竹的安全生产提供了理论和指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to avoid and control the safety production accident of fireworks and crackers,the safety of propellant is studied which is needed to do urgently,and recrystallization composite oxidant and composite oxidant with catalyst including KClO₄ and KNO₃ mainly were prepared,then the dynamics and thermal safety of typical propellants were systematically simulated by AKTS software.The results show that solvent-non solvent method is used in the preparation of recrystallization composite oxidant.Fe₂O₃ and CuO are separately the catalysts of KClO₄ and KNO₃,and the crystallization method and mixture method are separately used to add Fe₂O₃ and CuO into KClO₄ and KNO₃.The thermal physical parameters,dynamics parameters and thermal safety parameters of typical propellants are very different,but the thermal safety can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed through the comparison of thermal safety parameters.Meanwhile,the time to runway reaction is different at the different ambient temperature,so the best way to avoid the accident is the timely heat loss within the time to runway reaction.The study has a great significance to production safety of fireworks and crackers.更多还原