【作者】 孟龙； 倪万魁； 唐丽莎； 李亮； 常中华；

【Author】 MENG Long~①NI Wankui~①TANG Lisha~②LI Liang~③CHANG Zhonghua~④(①College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054) (②The Second Institute of Geological Engineering Exploration of Yunnan,Chuxiong 675000) (③AVIC APC Changsha Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410014) (④Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029)

【机构】 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院； 云南地质工程第二勘察院； 中航规划建设长沙设计研究院有限公司； 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所；

【摘要】 黄土窑洞灾害种类众多,发生频繁,是黄土高原地区最为常见的地质灾害之一。通过实地调查将黄土窑洞病害划分为局部坍塌、整体坍塌、裂隙、窑内渗水和窑洞冒顶等5种灾害。研究区节理以"X"形节理(剪节理)和张节理等形式发育于窑洞黄土体中,在应力重分布作用下,节理再次拉张和扩展,有可能成为土体中的软弱结构面,从而破坏窑洞周围土层的结构性和完整性;通过有限元数值模拟,结果表明:节理的存在使得窑洞在节理部位产生应力集中现象,增大了窑洞原有的位移、应力和应变变形值,使得窑洞稳定性降低;窑面节理的应力集中会引发窑面剥落和掉块灾害;窑洞内部土体"X"形节理与和张节理极度发育时,在窑洞内部会发生裂隙和土层剥落灾害;灌溉或雨季时期,水体沿软弱结构面下渗,使得窑洞出现窑内渗水灾害,甚至造成窑洞的整体坍塌。更多还原

【Abstract】 Loess cave disaster which includes various kinds and occurs frequently is one of the most common geological disasters in the loess plateau area of Northwest China.At first,this paper investigates the loess cave disasters including local collapsing,integrated collapsing,crack,water seepage in the cave and roof fall of the cave. Secondly,based on the field investigation and analysis,the tension joints and "X" joints which distribute in the cave infect the stability of the cave dwelling by the influence of stress redistribution of the slope.By means of finiteelement method,the results of this simulation indicate that the existence of joints makes the cave generate the phenomenon of stress concentration at the joints area which increases the deformation dates of displacement,stress and strain.It can also reduce the stability of the whole cave which leads to the disasters.For example,the local flaking and cracking are producing when the joints in the face of the cave,local collapsing in the top of the cave,soil flaking in the cave,crack,water seepage in the cave and roof fall of the cave,et al are easy to exist as the tension joints and "X"joints distributing in the cave.When the cave encounters the rain erosion and the overall stability of the cave is wrecked by the joints,it is easy to cause the phenomenon of cave disaster.更多还原