【作者】 曾凯； 周玉； 宋忠华；

【Author】 Zeng Kai 1 Zhou Yu2 Song Zhonghua2 1 Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330200 2 Changsha Agro-meteorological Experiment Station,Changsha 410125

【机构】 江西省农业气象试验站； 长沙农业气象试验站；

【摘要】 通过对南方的江西、湖南、湖北3省4个台站双季水稻灌浆期气温及发育进程观测,以及千粒重、灌浆速度的加密观测,发现近16年来江南双季早稻、双季晚稻、一季稻生殖生长期的平均气温均升高2℃左右,早、晚稻抽穗-乳熟期天数缩短了6d左右,早稻抽穗-成熟期天数相应缩短了6d左右、晚稻5d左右。气候变暖伴随水分胁迫,回归分析显示,灌浆期天数与生殖生长期平均气温呈显著负相关、与平均相对湿度呈显著正相关关系。这些变化造成按中国气象局《农业气象观测规范》取得的千粒重、灌浆速度样本数减少、仅能反映灌浆后期状况。因此,针对气候变暖造成江南水稻发育进程加快、灌浆期缩短的现实,观测规范应作相应调整。建议将千粒重、灌浆速度的起测日提前到抽穗普期当日或第5日,保持5d观测间隔,增强观测数据的可用性及气象服务的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the intensive observations of temperature and development course during grain filling period,weight per 1000 seeds,and grain filling rate of double harvest paddy rice at different agrometeorological stations from three southern provinces of China,it was founded out that average temperatures during the reproductive growth periods of double harvest early paddy rice,double harvest late paddy rice,and one harvest paddy rice increased by 2℃ in recent years.The decrease in the duration of heading-milk of early and late paddy rice was about 6 days and the duration of heading-mature decreased by about 6 days for early paddy rice and 5 days for late paddy rice.Climate warming usually happened with water stress.The number of the days for grain filling was significantly negatively correlated with average temperature and positively correlated with average relative humidity,identified by regression analysis.Climate warming resulted in the decrease in the sampling numbers of weight per 1000 seeds and grain filling rate taken the Monitoring Regulation of Agrometeorology currently used.These measurements can only indicate the status of rice at the late stage of grain filling.The results also indicated that climatic warming has caused the earlier development and shorter duration of grain filling of rice in the south of Yangtze River.The Monitoring Regulation of Agrometeorology has to be modified.The first time for measuring the weight of per 1000 seeds and grain filling rate should be shifted to the day of universal heading or 5 days after universal heading.Thus,the observation should be taken every 5 days to enhance the applicability of the measured data and the availability of service.更多还原