【作者】 刘龙波； 刘蜀疆； 常印忠； 张利兴； 王旭辉；

【Author】 LIU Longbo,LIU Shujiang,CHANG yinzhong,ZHANG Lixing,WANG Xuhui Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,P.O.Box69-14,710024,Xi’an,China

【机构】 西北核技术研究所；

【摘要】 《全面禁止核试验条约》(CTBT)规定在全球建立国际监测系统(IMS),以监测可能违反条约的活动。IMS包括80个放射性核素台站。这些台站通过采集大气的气溶胶和气体样品,分析其中相关核素的含量,来确定事件的性质。为了防止台站的气溶胶采样器(流量大于500 m~2/h)运行时出现滤材堵塞,条约组织的临时技术秘书处建议:在沙尘暴频繁或大气颗粒物污染比较严重的台站,需要在采样器中安装预分离器,如旋风分离器。本文研究了可用于这种气溶胶取样器预分离的旋风分离器,确定了使用轴流进气直流式的结构。在转圏理论的基础上,提出了切割粒径的计算方法。建立了流量为700～800m~3/h的预分离器性能测试装置和方法,并对3个旋风分离器性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:3个旋风分离器的切割粒径在12～14μm,略小于设计值15μm,结果与计算较好地符合;性能最佳的旋风分离器的切割粒径为14.5μm,10μm颗粒的透过率为73%,符合技术要求。这种直流式旋风分离器在气溶胶分级采样方面具有应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test- Ban Treaty(CTBT) calls for the international Monitoring System(IMS) which includes 80 radionuclide stations and others.Aerosols and noble gases are sampled by special samplers at these stations,and relevant radionuclides are detected.The Provisional Technical Secretariat(PTS) of CTBT Organization proposed that pre-separators should be installed in the aerosol samplers at some stations where severe air pollution is frequent. The style and design method of cyclones used as pre-separators were discussed in the paper,and an axial flow inlet and uniflow cyclone was chosed.A method to estimate the cutoff diameters of the cyclones was proposed based on the cycle theory.Three cyclones were manufactured and their performances were tested.The results showed that the cutoff diameters of the cyclones were 12～14μm,a little less than designed 15μm.The style and performance of the cyclones fulfilled the requirement of PTS.更多还原