【作者】 吴朝玲； 陈云贵； 黄志芬； 王强； 杨菲； 吴海文； 王小炼；

【Author】 Chaoling WU1,Yungui CHEN1,Zhifen HUANG1,Qiang WANG2,Fei YANG1,Haiwen WU1,Xiaolian WANG1 1 College of Materials Science and Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu,China,610064 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southwest University,Chongqing,China,400715

【机构】 四川大学材料科学与工程学院； 西南大学材料学院；

【摘要】 本文介绍了几类典型的贮氢材料,包括金属氢化物(如LaNi5、V基固溶体贮氢合金等)、物理吸附贮氢材料(如碳纳米管、沸石、金属有机框架结构等)、复杂氢化物(如NaAlH4、氨基化合物、硼氢化物)、直接水解放氢的贮氢材料(如NaBH4、NH3BH3、Mg17Al12等),重点从应用的角度分析了其吸(放)氢性能特点,并得出结论:金属氢化物仍是目前具有实用化特征的贮氢材料,其中V基固溶体贮氢合金具有高的有效放氢量(>2wt%)和长的使用寿命,是提供给燃料电池用电器和氢内燃机车等用户理想的氢源贮存介质之一。物理吸附贮氢材料在低温下吸氢,条件苛刻,发展室温附近的贮氢材料和贮氢技术是关键。复杂氢化物多为分步反应,可逆性差,且大多反应需要高温或催化,使贮氢系统复杂化,目前尚处于研发阶段。直接水解制氢技术集制氢和贮氢于一体,减少了贮氢的环节,温和条件下无催化的水解制氢体系是可探讨的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 s:Typical hydrogen storage materials,including metal hydrides,such as LaNi5 and V-based solid solution hydrides,physisorption materials,such as carbon nanotubes,zeolites and metal frame work structures,complex hydrides,such as NaAlH4,amide/imide,and hydroborates,and hydrogen release materials by hydrolysis,such as NaBH4,NH3BH3 and Mg17Al12,were reviewed.Their absorption/desorption characteristics were discussed from the application point of view.It was concluded that metal hydrides are applicable at present,among which V-based hydrogen storage alloys show high effective hydrogen desorption capacity exceeding 2.0wt%and long absorption/desorption cycle life,which are promising to be applied in fuel cells systems and hydrogen internal combustion engines.Hydrogen storage materials work by physisorption under low temperatures,making the running conditions serious.Developing room-temperature materials and technology becomes critical.Complex hydrides desorbs hydrogen by steps with poor reversibility,and most of the reactions depend on high-temperatures or catalysts,resulting in complicated hydrogen storage systems.Hydrogen generation and storage can be combined together by hydrolysis.Catalyst-free hydrolysis system under mild conditions should be a promising method.更多还原