【作者】 何萍；

【Author】 He Ping Professor Wuhan University

【机构】 武汉大学哲学学院；

【摘要】 本文通过对三位当代加拿大马克思主义哲学家的论述,展示了加拿大马克思主义哲学发展的多元格局。首先,文章讨论了视唯物辩证法为一种方法的本·阿格尔,具体考察了他对马克思辩证法的基本特征和理论模型的研究。接着,文章讨论了视辩证唯物主义为一种本体论的马里奥·本格,具体考察了他对辩证唯物主义的特征、现代科学与唯物论、变化模式与辩证法的研究。最后,文章讨论了研究马克思主义道德学说的凯·尼尔森,考察了他在道德学说的历史唯物主义基础、道德与意识形态、正义与阶级利益这三个方面的有关论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this article three current Canadian Marxist philosophers would be studied.And through this study,the multiplicity of the current development of Canadian Marxist philosophy could be shown roughly. The first one is Ben Agger.As a famous Canadian Marxist philosopher,Ben Agger is a important representative of current ecological Marxism.He examined Marxist material dialectics in the dimension of social history,and regarded it as a kind of method,that is,a method that connects the theory of liberation and the project of socialism with the daily struggle of the oppressed people.It is obvious that Ben Agger’s study of material dialectics is concentrated on two cores,that is,on one hand,between the part of materialism and the one of dialectics,he laid particular stress on the latter and took it as the basic content of the theory of material dialectics;and on the other hand,in the historical development from Marx, Engels and Lenin to the current western Marxism,he laid particular stress on Marx’s dialectics and took it as the base and whole of Marxist dialectics.And his basic view of material dialectics is embodied in his study of the characteristic and the theoretical model of Marx’s dialectics.As for the characteristic,according to Ben Agger,Marx’s dialectical materialism has two main parts,namely,the view of human liberation in the communist institution as well as the theory and experiential conceiving of historical change,and these two parts determine that Marx’s dialectics has two characteristics, namely,indeterminism and the experiential.As for the theoretical model,according to Ben Agger,Marx’s dialectics consists of three parts,namely,the theory of alienation and the critique of alienation,the theory of the institution based on inner contradiction,and the theory of crisis as well as the strategy of transition.And these three parts construct the theoretical model of Marx’s dialectics from various aspects. Moreover these three parts construct the basic mode of the history of Marxist thoughts. The second one is Mario Bunge.His believed that materialism is a theory of ontology.From this view of philosophy,Mario Bunge regarded dialectical materialism as a system that has the noumenon of materialism and the form of dialectics.And it could be concluded that his study is concentrated on these three questions as following.The first question is the characteristic of dialectical materialism. According to Mario Bunge,it has two characteristics.(1) Dialectical materialism develops itself with consolidation of social ideology,and is the unification of science and ideology. (2)Dialectical materialism is the materialism with the dialectic form,and consists of a series of hypothesis called as dialectical relationship.The second question is modern science and materialism.According to Mario Bunge,the materialism of modern science should have the characteristics such as accurate, systematic,scientific,materialist,dynamist,evolutional and so on.The third question is the mode of change and the dialectics. He suggested that dialectics could not construct theory of change because it is not enough accurate,detailed and systematic.While he insisted the basic content and view of materialism,he tried to reconstruct the materialism with the modern science in order to make it accurate,systematic and scientific. The third one is Kai Nielsen.He stated with cleaning up the moral theory in the history of Marxist history,and gave a new explanation of the base and social function of the Marxist moral theory.And it could be concluded that his study is concentrated on these three questions as following.The first question is the historical materialist base of moral theory.His thinking of this question has two aspects,namely,the thinking of the theoretical nature of historical materialism as well as the thinking of the relationship between historical materialism and moral theory.The second question is moral and ideology.He gave a sociological explanation on the Marxist thought of "moral is ideology".And his emphasis is the study of the social function of ideology.The third question is the justice and the benefit of class.While grasping the Marxist moral theory as a whole,he analyzed justice concretely.He believed that, according to the historical materialism of Marxism and the theory of human liberation,there is absolutely not any opposition between the benefits of proletariat and the principle of justice.His analysis on this question embodied his view that historical materialism should be studied not in terms of philosophical ontology or epistemology but in terms of sociology.更多还原