【作者】 张兰； 陈敏； 蔡文娟； 陈长会； 李晓宏；

【Author】 ZHANG Lan,CHEN Min,CAI Wen-juan,CHEN Chang-hui,LI Xiao-hong.Xiamen Center for Disease control and prevention,Xiamen 361021,China.

【机构】 厦门市疾病预防控制中心；

【摘要】 目的分析厦门市职业健康监护工作和职业病发病特点,为厦门市职业病防治决策提供依据。方法对全市2006-2009年职业健康监护和职业病发病状况进行描述性研究。分析厦门市不同行业、规模、危害因素的健康监护资料,并分析2006-2009年4年来受检率变化和职业病构成,同时分析尘肺的发病状况。结果 (1)2009年厦门有毒有害作业工人行总接触率14.08%,受检率88.88%。不同规模企业受检率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。粉尘是主要危害因素,职业病以尘肺为主。(2)职业健康监护年均受检率达75%以上。2006-2007年为第1组,2008-2009年为第2组,第2组化学重点监护、疑似职业病检出率和物理疑似职业病检出率明显高于第1组(P<0.01、P<0.05、P<0.01),粉尘和物理重点监护检出率明显低于第1组(P<0.05)。尘肺诊断年龄趋于年轻,主要工种为电焊工。结论厦门市初步建立了较规范的职业健康监护体系。粉尘是主要危害因素,职业病以尘肺为主,今后工作重点应针对粉尘作业工人加强职业健康监护,同时用人单位应建立健全职业病防治管理机制,卫生部门应加大对企业的职业卫生监管力度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the situation of occupational health surveillance and the characteristics of occupational diseases in Xiamen.Methods The data of health surveillance works in different industries, different sizes,and different risk factors of Xiamen city from 2006 to 2009,the examination rate of change in four years,and occupational composition were collected.The data were divided into two groups by every year.Results The total exposure rate was 14.08%,and the occupational health examination was 88.88%.Examination rate in different scale enterprises in Xiamen had significant difference (P<0.05).Production dust was the main risk factors in Xiamen,and most of chronic diseases still the pneumoconiosis.Annual average of occupational health examination in the past 4 years was over 75%. The data in the second group showed that the data of emphasis Guardianship,the suspected detection rate and physical suspected detection rate in the second group significantly higher than the 1st group(P<0. 01,P<0.05,P<0.01).The emphasis detection rate of pneumoconiosis and hearing loss were significandy lower than the first group(P<0.05).The ages in these four years were younger than before.Main types of work was welder.Conclusions A normal system for occupational health surveillance has been developed in Xiamen.The data shows that Physica Suspected occupational diseases,Chemical occupational health surveillance and Suspected occupational diseases have been obviously increasing.The detectable rates of chronic diseases also increase significantly,but the detectable rates of dust and noisy lower obviously. Most of chronic diseases are still the pneumoconiosis.The working content of current occupational health surveillance in Xiamen are the management for the floating population and some Foreign-funded enterprises,and the Coordinated development among employee,employer and government management.更多还原