【作者】 杨健荭； 赵乔贵； 杨子生； 杨咙霏； 张博胜；

【Author】 Yang Jianhong~1,Zhao Qiaogui~(2,3),Yang Zisheng~2, Yang Longfei~(1,2),Zhang Bosheng~(1,2) (1.Kunming Feize Land Science & Technology Limited Company,Kunming 650221;2.Institute of Land & Resources and Sustainable Development,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221; 3.Department of Land & Resources of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224)

【机构】 昆明霏泽大地科技有限公司； 云南财经大学国土资源与持续发展研究所； 云南省国土资源厅；

【摘要】 农田有效灌溉程度的高低是衡量耕地利用水平的重要指标,也是土地利用和农业生产上应对干旱灾害、保障农业高产稳产的重要条件。我国西南地区2009年秋季至2010年春夏发生的"百年不遇"特大旱灾之所以给农业生产造成严重影响,与长期以来农田水利设施建设不足、耕地有效灌溉程度低下密切相关。云南是我国西南地区典型的边疆山区省份,其农业基本上属于"灌溉农业",但农田水利建设难度大,使大部分耕地长期处于"靠天吃饭"的状态,因而应对旱灾能力较差。本文基于1996～2008年土地变更调查资料,选取耕地有效灌溉率、水田有效灌溉率和旱地有效灌溉率3个指标,分析了云南省目前农田有效灌溉程度的基本特点、1996～2008年农田有效灌溉程度的变化状况以及省内农田有效灌溉程度的区域差异性。结果表明,云南耕地有效灌溉水平低下,全省稳产保产耕地不及总耕地的1/4;水田有效灌溉率相对较高,但仍有近1/8的"望天田"处于"靠天吃饭"状态;旱地有效灌溉水平十分低下,约99%处于"靠天吃饭"状态;近12年来,云南农田有效灌溉程度的提高幅度极小,农田水利建设进程十分缓慢;省内农田有效灌溉程度的区域差异性非常显著。为了有效应对干旱灾害、保障土地可持续利用和农业可持续发展,本文提出了强化山区"五小"水利工程建设、提高耕地有效灌溉率的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effective farmland irrigation degree is an important index for judging the farmland use level and also an important measure in land use and agricultural production to cope with drought and guarantee a high and stable agricultural yield.That the extraordinarily serious drought in southwest China from autumn of 2009 to spring and summer of 2010 has had grave impact on agricultural production in the area is largely due to the long-term insufficient construction of farmland irrigation works and a low effective farmland irrigation degree. Yunnan is a typical frontier mountainous province in southwest China.Its agriculture belongs basically to"the irrigation farming,"but its farmland irrigation works are hard to build.Most of its farmlands have been depending on the weather conditions and have poor capacity in coping with drought.Based on the Land Change Investigation data from 1996 to 2008 and by selecting three indexes,namely,the effective farmland irrigation rate,effective paddy field irrigation rate,and effective dry land irrigation rate,this paper analyzes the basic characteristics of the current effective farmland irrigation degree of Yunnan,changes of the effective farmland irrigation degree from 1996 to 2008,and regional difference in effective farmland irrigation degrees in the province.The result shows that Yunnan has a low effective farmland irrigation degree and the fields that guarantee a stable yield account for less than one fourth of its total farmland.Although its effective paddy field irrigation rate is relatively high,nearly one eighth of the fields totally depends on weather conditions,its effective dry land irrigation rate is extremely low and about 99%of the land depends on weather conditions. During the recent 12 years,Yunnan has hardly increased its effective farmland irrigation degree and its farmland irrigation construction has progressed very slowly.There has been an apparent regional difference in effective farmland irrigation degrees in the province.To effectively cope with the drought and guarantee sustainable land use and sustainable agricultural development,this paper suggests the enhanced construction of"five minor"irrigation works in mountainous areas so as to increase the effective farmland irrigation rate.更多还原