【作者】 李点娇； 林荔辉； 祁建民；

【Author】 Dianjiao Li,Lihui Lin,Jianmin Qi~*(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics,Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,350002)

【机构】 福建农林大学作物遗传育种与综合利用省部共建教育部重点实验室；

【摘要】 红麻以收获韧皮纤维或茎秆为生产目的 ,杂种优势显著,其杂种优势率可高达35%-40%,但红麻杂种优势利用研究起步晚,进展缓慢。本研究在引进广西大学育成红麻不育系L23A及相应保持系基础上,着力开展红麻不育系选育及杂种优势的利用研究。主要研究结果如下:1利用国内外48份红麻种质与红麻细胞质雄性不育系L23A(B)测交,采用目测与镜检等方法对测交F1育性进行鉴定,结果发现供试的国内大多栽培种F1为不育,可望直接利用栽培品种多代回交转育成新的红麻细胞质雄性不育系。2对测交F1代群体中出现的AI型和AⅡ型两种红麻不育类型,对不育类型进行花粉粒镜检及扫描电子显微镜观察,发现AI型花粉粒未见萌发孔,花粉粒外壁刺突不明显,呈凋萎状,纵切无内容物,完全败育;AⅡ型花粉粒畸形,纵切有少量内容物,败育不完全,但花粉粒无活力。3通过五代回交转育,初步育成了992A、952A,Bt952(红)A、Bt952(绿)A、福红2号A和GA42A六个红麻细胞质雄性不育系。通过花药开裂率和自交结实率调查,表明这六个红麻新不育系不育程度均大于99.5%以上,且经济性状优良。4利用上述不育系,设计不完全双列杂交,采用加性-显性遗传模型和统计分析方法,系统分析了株高、茎粗、皮厚等9个主要经济性状的遗传效应,杂种优势和性状间的遗传相关,结果表明:红麻杂种一代在株高优势上不明显,杂种优势主要体现在茎粗、皮厚、鲜茎重、鲜皮重及干皮重等性状。在36个组合杂种一代中,比CK(粤743)增产40%以上的有10个组合,主要有992A×非洲裂叶(51.4%)、952A×福红8号(44.7%)、952A×新安无刺(55.9%)、952A×KB2(44.6%)、Bt952(绿)A×新安无刺(42.9%)、福红2号A×莱阳红麻(40.9%)、Bt952(红)A×新安无刺(63.5%);比CK增产25%-40%的有16个组合,主要有992A×莱阳红麻(30.0%)、992A×福红8号(25.5%)、992A×KB2(38.0%)、952A×莱阳红麻(26.3%)、952A×SCS11-09(39.9%)、Bt952(绿)A×KB2(25.7%)、福红2号A×福红8号(26.8%)、福红2号A×KB2(38.2%)、Bt952(红)A×莱阳红麻(28.1%)、Bt952(红)A×福红8号(34.5%)、Bt952(红)A×非洲裂叶(35.7%)、Bt952(红)A×SCS11-09(32.8%)、Bt52(红)A×KB2(36.4%)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Kenaf,for the purposes of harvesting bast fiber or stalk,has significant heterosis,and the heterosis is up to 35%-40%,but the research of kenaf heterosis started too late,progress slowly.In this study,on the basis of kenaf CMS L23A and the corresponding maintainer,introduced from Guangxi University,we try to develop kenaf CMS breeding and the utilization of heterosis.The major findings were as follows: 1.Using 48 kenaf germplasm testing cross with CMS L23A(B),and using methods such as visual and microscopic examination to identify the F1 fertility,the result showed that the most cultivated species of F1 were infertility,so cultivated species of kenaf were expected to breed new male sterility by many generations directly. 2.Two types of kenaf male sterility’s pollens,AI-type and AⅡ-type were observed by microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,and found that Al-type pollens did not have aperture,the outer wall of the spike was not obvious,like wilting,and did not have content material longitudinally,so AI -type pollens were completely aborted;AⅡ-type pollens were malformation,slitting a small amount of contents,incompletely abortion,but the pollens didn’t have vitality. 3.By five backcrossing,six kenaf male sterility were bred initially,992A,952A,Bt952(red) A,Bt952(green) A, Fuhong2A and GA42A.The anther cracking rate and self-fruitful rate were studied,the research showed that six kenaf male sterility all had reach the level of more than 99.5%,and the economic characters were good. 4.Incomplete dilled cross was designed using above six kenaf male sterility,additive dominant genetic model was used to analysis the plant height,stem diameter,thick skin and other nine major economic traits genetic effects. Heterosis and genetic correlation between traits were studied.The results showed that:hybrids of plant height advantage was not obvious,heterosis was mainly embodied in diameter,bark thickness,stem fresh weight,fresh weight and dry stem weight.In 36 combinations of hybrids,there were 10 combinations yield were 40%higher than CK,mainly included 992A×Feizhoulieye(51.4%),952A×Fuhong8(44.7%),952A×Xin’anwuci(55.9%),Fuhong2AxLaiyangkenaf(40.9%),Bt952(red)A xXin’anwuci(63.5%);16 combinations of yield 25%-40%than the CK,mainly includes 992A×Laiyang kenaf(30.0%),992A×Fuhong8(25.5%),992A×KB2 (38.0%),952A×Laiyang kenaf(26.3%),952A×SCS11-09(39.9%),Bt952(Green)×KB2(25.7%),Fuhong2A×Fuhong8 (26.8%),Fuhong2A×KB2(38.2%),Bt952(red)A×Laiyangkenaf(28.1%),Bt952(red)A×Fuhong8(34.5%),Bt952(red)A×feizhoulieye(35.7%),Bt952(red)A×SCS11-09(32.8%),Bt952(red)A×KB2(36.4%).更多还原