【作者】 廖显春； 李智勇； 吴水荣； 熊晓姣；

【Author】 LIAO Xianchun~1,LI Zhiyong~1,WU Shuirong~1,XIONG Xiaojiao~2 (1.Research Institute of Forest Policy and Information,Beijing 100091,China;2.Hubei Forestry Bureau,Wuhan 430079,China)

【机构】 中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所； 湖北省林业局；

【摘要】 在21世纪全人类所面临的主要挑战就是气候变暖。尽管全人类在不同层面上做出努力,碳交易市场前景堪忧。一个最基本的问题是碳汇市场运行的有效性在国家主权面前失灵,另外,碳汇市场运行的有效性在经济发展的优先顺序中失灵。一个更重要的因素是森林碳汇的外在性和公益性。采用环境经济学和制度经济学的方法分析如何通过制度创新来促进森林碳汇市场的发展。环境经济学中科斯定理为我们提供了一种通过市场机制解决森林碳汇外部性问题的一种新的思路和方法。向对应制度经济学提供了另一种思路和方法解决外部性问题并强调人的思维的局限性,学习、协调、妥协是其研究的主旋律。这就要求我们在完善林业碳汇交易市场的制度第一层面如融资机制,生态效益机制之后,利用好市场运行的有效机制,逐步建立我国林业碳汇交易市场。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 21^st century,the major challenge we are facing is the global warming.People made all efforts from local to global levels;however,carbon trade market was still under the uncertainty.A fundamental question was that the market did not work well,partly because it was beyond national authority,partly because different countries just take their own benefits over others.In addition,the trade-off between economic development and environmental protection had been vexing human-being. Moreover,the externality and public property of forestry carbon existed because these services provided by forestry such as carbon sequestration could not be traded in a free market.Therefore,this study was intended to analyze carbon trade market,while also building up new institutions by using the knowledge of environmental economics and institutional economics.Environmental economics provided a way to solve the externality by optimum resource allocation;particularly Coase theorem was used to illustrate how to do so.In contrast,institutional economics focused on rules design to solve the problem through learning from previous experience,harmonizing different conflicts,and negotiating different stakeholders.This method was employed to analyze forestry carbon trade market.This study revealed that a set of rules design is our first priority.Then we can take advantage of market efficiency to establish forestry carbon trade market gradually.更多还原