东方蜜蜂对胡蜂振翅摇摆防御的研究

【作者】 李华； 张祖芸； 汪正威； 杨明显； 杨爽； 庄迪； 谭垦；

【机构】 云南农业大学东方蜜蜂研究所；

【摘要】 东方蜜蜂的中华亚种通过振翅摆动来防御胡蜂的攻击,利用胡蜂对蜂群的捕食压力来评价胡蜂的攻击行为,捕获好的凹纹胡蜂用CO₂麻醉处理后固定在细铁丝线上,来刺激蜂箱门口的守卫蜂和巢脾上的工蜂、雄蜂和蜂王。结果发现:东方蜜蜂的工蜂有一个特殊的防御策略——振翅摆动。这种防御策略与大蜜蜂的振翅摆动是不一样的,首先蜜蜂身体振翅摆动的频率与胡蜂的捕食距离和飞行速度是密切相关的。在自然条件下,胡蜂捕食东方蜜蜂蜂群的距离为16.65±5.68厘米,然而在同等条件下,没有振翅摆动防御行为的西方蜜蜂蜂群的捕食距离为13.89±4.82厘米,胡蜂更容易捕获到西方蜜蜂的归巢采集蜂,两个蜂种之间捕食距离的差异是极其显著（P<0.005）。在实验过程中,暴露的巢脾上成年工蜂都能参与蜂群的振翅摆动防御行为,刚出房的工蜂在3.00±1.11天也会参与蜂群的振翅防御行为,而雄蜂和蜂王是不参与蜂群的振翅摆动防御。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social shimmering behavior of Asia honeybee Apis cerana cerana to defend vespine wasps,Vespa velutina’s hawking was assessed to impose hawking stress of wasp preying on the honeybee colonies.A live hornets of Vespa velutina which was fixed by a iron wire on its waist to irritate the honeybee’s defense response to both guard bee at the entrance and a whole exposed comb of bee with queen,drone and worker bees.Result showed that Apis cerana cerana worker bee have a unique abdomen shaking behavior to repel the wasp which is an efficient shimmering strategy to defend themselves,which is different to the shimmering of Apis dorsata.Guard bee’s body shaking frequency was significant correlated with the proximity distance of hovering wasp and the wasp flying velocity.In the natural condition hovering wasp were kept 16.65±5.68 cm away from the entrance of Apis cerana hive,while to the control test of Apis mellifera ligustic colony,since there was no abdomen shaking behavior to repel the wasp,hovering wasp are more closer to the entrance 13.89±4.82 cm,it was significant difference of these two species P<0.005,wasp are more easy to hunt the foraging bees of Apis mellifera ligustic when it get close.During the test when the whole combs of Apis cerana were exposed to wasp hovering,all the adult worker bees were irritated to join the shimmering defense,the youngest worker bees jointing the defense by shaking their body were 3±1.11 days old,but queen and drone didn’t join the group defense in face of wasp hawking.更多还原