【作者】 汤世珍；

【Author】 TANG Shizhen (Xinjiang Tacheng hydrology water resources survey bureau, Xinjiang Tacheng 834700,China)

【机构】 新疆塔城水文水资源勘测局；

【摘要】 利用乌-沙地区社会经济及自然环境等基本资料,分析了区域社会经济概况、水资源量、水资源开发利用及水环境现状。生态环境对水资源开发的响应显著:(1)无节制开荒,耕地面积不断扩大,导致农业需水量剧增、生态用水量急剧减少;(2)河流中上游修建众多引蓄水工程,分级截流,过量引水,造成下游河道断流;平原区地下水大规模开采,造成地下水位下降,下垫面植被退化,森林覆盖率减小;(3)由于缺乏稳定的水源补给,河流尾闾湖泊及沼泽湿地面积萎缩、干涸,其涵养水分、蓄积洪水、调节气候等功能严重下降,生物多样性遭到彻底的破坏;(4)人类对自然水循环系统的过度介入和干预,使生态环境发生了劣变,水环境质量下降。因此,要遏制区域生态环境的继续恶化,必须采取积极的生态保护和综合治理措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using the Usu City – Sawan County area social economy and the natural environment and so on basic document, has analyzed the region social economy survey, the water resources quantity, the water resources development use and the water environment present situation. The ecological environment is remarkable to the water resources development’s response: (1)Opens up wasteland intemperately, the cultivated area expands unceasingly, causes the agricultural water demand sharp increase, the ecology water consumption to reduce suddenly; (2)Middle and upper reaches the rivers constructs directs the retaining works numerously, the graduation cut-off, the excessive pilot, creates the downstream river course closure; The region of no relief ground water overflows to pick randomly, the subsoil water level drops seriously, gets down the pad surface vegetation to degenerate, the round-off work drops; (3)Because lacks the stable water source supplies, the rivers sink lake and the bog wetland area withers, dry, its self-control moisture content, stores up functions and so on flood, adjustment climate to drop seriously, the biodiversity encounters the thorough destruction; (4)The humanity and intervened to the natural water circulating system’s excessive involvement, causes the ecological environment to occur changes poorly, the water environment quality dropped. Therefore, must contain the region ecological environment to continue the worsening, must adopt the positive ecological protection and the comprehensive program of public order measure.更多还原