【作者】 彦培璐； 孙露； 姚方杰； 张友民；

【Author】 Yan Pei-lu Sun Lu Yao Fang-jie~* Zhang You-Min (College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118,China)

【机构】 吉林农业大学园艺学院；

【摘要】 本试验采用科学规范的食用菌系统杂交育种程序,以6个金顶侧耳菌株(A～F)为亲本,应用单-单杂交技术选育优良品种。共配制437个杂交组合,利用镜检鉴定杂交组合真实性,获得真实杂交组合219个,通过生理特性鉴定从中筛选出遗传特性明显不同的杂交菌株156个,再经菌丝生长特性比较选出27个优良的杂交菌株进行出菇试验。结果表明:(1)金顶侧耳属四极性异宗结合担子菌,交配系统由两对不亲和性因子构成,能形成四种交配型(A1B1、A2B2、A1B2、A2B1),但是来自不同亲本菌株的单核菌株的杂交可亲和性达到50.1%,说明金顶侧耳存在着不亲和因子多样性。(2)不同亲本菌株的杂交遗传力不同,其中以菌株F为亲本更容易获得产量和商品性状优良的杂交菌株,超亲遗传的杂交菌株获得率达14.5%;以菌株E为亲本获得深漏斗状、边缘平滑、菌盖小且厚的杂交后代的比率最大,达到36%。(3)杂交菌株的发菌速度(在栽培料中)与菌丝生长速度(在PDA上)相关性不大,如杂交菌株CE-4菌丝生长速度较快,但是发菌速度却较慢,且出菇较迟。(4)获得2个高产杂交菌株DF-3、AF-2和1个商品性状优良的杂交菌株BF-6。其中,DF-3产量高,生物学效率达91.9%,比亲本菌株D、F分别高8.1%、12.1%,菌丝较粗壮浓密,抗杂菌能力较强,菇体颜色深黄,呈漏斗状,边缘波浪形,菇形宛如花状,商品性状优良。AF-2产量高,生物学效率达90.2%,比亲本菌株A、F分别高14.5%、10.0%,菌丝粗壮浓密,满袋时间短,抗杂菌能力较强,菇体中等大小,黄色,商品性状较好;BF-6菇体颜色深黄,鲜亮,呈漏斗状,边缘平滑,菇形较好,菌柄较粗且长,商品性状显著优于亲本,产量与亲本差异不显著,生物学效率为83.8%,比亲本菌株B、F分别高3.5%、1.5%。(5)结合出菇试验总结出配套栽培技术,栽培用培养基配方为78%木屑、20%麦麸、1%石灰和1%糖。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,6 strains of Pleurotus citrinopileatus were selected to be the parents and single spore crossbreeding technique was used to breed good species by scientific and regular edible fungi system crossbreeding program.437 hybridization combinations were made and 219 compatible combinations were identified through the clamp connections by microscope. According to the physiological characteristic,156 hybridization strains which had obviously different inheritable characters were identified.27 excellent combinations strains were bred by comparison of mycelia growth characteristic.The results showed:(1) Pleurotus citrinopileatus is a kind of quadrupled heterothallism basidiomycetes which mating system is composed of two pairs of incompatibility factors and formed 4 mating types(A1B1,A2B2,A1B2,A2B1).But the hybrid compatibility of different mononuclear strains which come from different parent strains can reach to 50.1%,it illustrates that Pleurotus citrinopileatus exists incompatibility factor diversities. (2) Hybrid heritability of different parent strains is various.It is easier to achieve high yield and better commercial character strains from the parent of F.The transgress inheritance reached to 14.5%;it was high proportion to be a deep funnel,smoothing edge,small and thick pileus strain by the parent of E,the proportion reached to 36%.(3) There is little correlation between the spawn running rate(in cultivating material) and mycelium growth rate(on PDA medium),for instance, the mycelium growth rate of CE-4 strain was fast,while the spawn running rate was slow and late when producing mushroom.(4) Two high yield strains of DF-3,AF-2 and a better commodity character strain of BF-6 were selected in the experiment.The yield of DF-3 which biological efficiency reached 91.9%was 8.1%and 12.1%higher than its parents strain D and F respectively. The mycelium of DF-3 strain is deep yellow color and its edge is wave-shape like a flower.The commercial character of DF-3 is better than its parent strains and the other hybrid strains and it has stronger antibacterial ability in the culture medium.The yield of AF-2 which biological efficiency is 90.2%is 14.5%and 10.0%higher compared with the parents strain A and F respectively.The mycelium grew vigorously and had stronger antibacterial ability in the culture medium.Not only it had short time of full sack,but also had better commercial character with medium fruitbody and yellow.BF-6 had bright color of deep yellow and smoothing edge with funnel-shape.The stipe was very thick and long.The commercial character of BF-6 was better than its parent strains and the other hybrid strains.BF-6 yield was increased by 3.5%and 1.5% compared with its parents of B and F,which biological efficiency was 83.8%.(5) The relevant culture technique was studied in the experiment;the culture formula is mixed with 78%sawdust, 20%bran,1%gypsum and 1%glucose.更多还原