【作者】 肖琳琳； 杨宪时； 许钟；

【Author】 XIAO Lin-lin YANG Xian-shi XU Zhong (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,CAFS,Shanghai 200090,China)

【机构】 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所；

【摘要】 以淡水养殖罗非鱼为实验对象,对其有氧冷藏过程的细菌学进行了研究。整个贮藏过程中,从鱼体上共分离出105株细菌,对各分离株进行了系统鉴定。结果表明,贮藏初期养殖罗非鱼菌相分布较为复杂,其中革兰氏阴性杆菌占据优势地位,主要包括假单胞菌(Pseudomonas spp)、肠杆菌(Enterobacter spp)、气单胞菌(Aeromonas spp)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter spp)等;此外还存在少量微球菌(Micrococcus spp)、棒杆菌(Corynebacterium spp)等革兰氏阳性细菌。贮藏时间和温度对细菌菌相组成的影响很大,随着贮藏时间的延长,革兰氏阴性杆菌的比例不断增加,且贮藏温度越低,阴性菌的比例越高。0、5、10、15℃贮藏至腐败点时,阴性菌的比例分别为100%、100%、95.9%、85.9%。随着贮藏时间延长,罗非鱼的菌相组成变得较为单一,肠杆菌、气单胞菌、不动杆菌等细菌的生长受到抑制,逐渐从鱼体上消失,而假单胞菌的数量明显增加。0、5、10、15℃贮藏至腐败点时,阴性菌中假单胞菌的比例分别为100%、77.3%、69.5%、67.1%,按其优势顺序分别为荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaligenes)。贮藏过程中微生物菌相变化分析表明,假单胞菌为罗非鱼有氧冷藏,特别是0℃贮藏过程中的优势腐败细菌。更多还原

【Abstract】 The microbiology of fresh-water cultured tilapia stored aerobically at 0,5,10,15℃were studied in this paper.A total of 105 bacterial cultures isolated form tilapia during storage were identified through Versa-TREK Automated Microbial Detection System.The microflora on beginning of storage included mostly Gram-negative bacteria(Pseudomonas spp,Enterobacter spp,Aeromonas spp,Acinetobacter,ect),and a minor proportion of Gram-positive organisms(Micrococcus spp,Corynebacterium spp,ect).The flora was greatly influenced by storage time and temperature.The percentage of Gram-negative bacteria increased during storage, and the temperature more low,the proportion of Gram-negative organisms was more highness.At the time of spoilage,100%,100%,95.9% and 85.9% were identified as Gram-negative species at 0,5,10,15℃respectively. The composition of microbial flora became more and more simpler during storage,the growth of Enterobacter spp,Aerornonas spp,Acinetobacter,ect were inhibited and disappeared offthe fish gradually.At the same time, the number of Pseudomonas spp was increased,the proportion of Pseudomonas spp among Gram-negative bacteria reached 100%,77.3%,69.5% and 67.1% in spoilage points at 0,5,10,15℃respectively.On the order of predominance,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Pseudomonas putida,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Pseudomonas alcaligenes were isolated form spoilage tilapia.The microbial flora analysis of fresh and spoilage fish shown that Pseudornonas spp was the predominated spoilage organisms of tilapia stored aerobically at cold temperature,especially at 0℃.更多还原