【作者】 吴杨平； 沈和定； 代欣欣；

【Author】 WU Yang-ping SHEN He-ding DAI Xin-xin (Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Aquacultural Ecosystem Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Fisheries University,Shanghai 200090,China )

【机构】 上海水产大学农业部水产种质资源与养殖生态重点开放实验室；

【摘要】 对石磺繁殖生物学的研究是开创石磺增养殖作为一种新兴产业的重要前提。目前,主要通过用实验室室内和室外生态箱对比饲养试验、组织学切片的方法,结合野外采样和自然群体实地观察,电镜技术等试验设计与研究方法的结合,已经从石磺生殖系统的结构与功能、生殖细胞的超微结构、胚胎发育、早期幼体发育几个层面展开研究。其中,生殖系统进一步的深入细致研究,纠正了早期研究中存在的错误,还生殖系统以真实面貌,从而揭示了内在受精机制;精卵的超微观察,及其发生与形态的研究,了解了生殖细胞的微观结构和发生特点:对胚胎幼体的研究则积累了重要的发育技术数据,为今后生产研究的开展积淀了第一手资料。本文同时还详细描述了石磺的繁殖过程,并且认为石磺的繁殖季节不仅与种类有关, 亦与分布纬度有关。以上研究具有生产实践作用,且具有学术意义,填补了这方面基础资料的空白。但目前为止对石磺自然生活史了解的不完善,影响到了繁育工作的进一步开展。本文重点说明石磺科石磺属 Onchidium 贝类的繁殖生物学特征,用石磺科其他属贝类的一些繁殖生物学数据作参考,总结了石磺(Onchidium sp.)繁殖生物学已有的研究成果,从繁殖过程、生殖细胞、胚胎幼体的发育等几个方面进行综述,并就与之相关的问题提出思考和发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reproductive biology of Onchidium is an important premise of initiating the breed aquatucs of Onchidium as a new industry.At the present time,the research is most intensively studied through laboratory experiment indoors and outdoors,histological section,sampling,field observation,some combined designs and methods ,and electron microscope.The reproductive biology has been widely studied among structure and function of the reproductive system, ultrastructure of germ cells,embryonic development and veliger development.Of all,the reproductive system has been further studied,which reveals inner impregnation mechanism,and corrects the mistakes in the early researchs.Therefore the truth of the reproductive system is revealed.The ultrastructures,formation and conformation of spermatozoon and ovum have been observed,which explains micromechanism and the characteristic of the formation.Embryo and veliger development have been researched,which accumulates important technologic data.These data will deposit the primary information used for future culture.Also,this paper particularly describes the reproductive course of Onchidium ,and believes that the reproductive season has relation with not only species,but also the distributing latitude.These researches bring the important learning meaning,expect the effects of producing practice,which fill up the blank of the basic data.The natural life history of Onchidium is not very clearly known,so breeding work is not further done.By means of the references of the reproductive biological data from other genera of Onchidiidae,this paper stresses the reproductive biological character of Onchidium genus,and summarizes researches of the reproductive biology of Onchidium sp.,which hasbeen done.It focuses on the reproductive course,germ cell,embryo and veliger development.At the sometime, some problems and research trend in the reproductive biology of Onchidium are raised.更多还原