【作者】 张琚； 曾果； 张倩； 张必科； 崔宝荣； 唐霞； 毛鹏； 熊兴太； 唐晓均； 胡小琪；

【Author】 ZHANG Ju ZENG Guo ZHANG Qian ZHANG Bi-ke West China School of Public Health,Sichua University,Chengdu 610041,China

【机构】 四川大学华西公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生教研室； 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所学生营养室； 四川阿坝茂县卫生局； 四川阿坝黑水县疾病预防控制中心；

【摘要】 目的比较中国藏、汉、羌族男女学生膳食营养状况。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对中国四川阿坝藏羌自治州1651名7～18岁藏、汉、羌族男女学生进行24小时膳食回顾调查,对其膳食质量及营养状况进行分析、评价和比较。结果藏、汉、羌族学生能量摄入普遍不足,各个年龄组未达到 RNI 的比例均在60%以上。能量主要来源为碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂肪的供能比偏低；3个民族钙摄入量明显不足,低于 AI 值者超过97%,低于1/2 AI 值者占63．2%～93．6%；维生素 A、硫胺素和核黄素、维生素 C、维生素 E 均摄入不足,并随年龄增大而加重。3个民族比较,能量摄入无明显差异,碳水化舍物摄入量藏族明显高于汉、羌族,其余各种营养素的摄入量藏、羌族均低于当地汉族,藏族最低。膳食平衡指数(DBI)评价膳食质量表明：膳食质量距不为0,负端分均在27～32分之间,属中等偏下水平, 各族学生蔬菜、水果、奶类和豆类、动物性食物均摄入不足,谷类摄入偏高；食物种类单调,汉族优于藏羌族,女生优于男生。结论四川阿坝地区藏、汉、羌族学生营养摄入普遍不足、膳食质量差,藏、羌族学生更需营养改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To compare the dietary and nutritional status of students of Tibetan,Han and Qiang nationalities,in China.Methods By stratified random whole-group sampling,1651 subjects were recruited in ABa Self-governing County of Siehuan Province.Survey was performed with 24-hour food recall method for three successive days.The nutrients intakes and results of dietary balance index(DBI) evaluation were compared between three nationalities.Results The average consumption of energy for all subjects was not enough and above 60% of students was below the RNI of energy.Energy was mainly from carbohydrate.Contribute rate of protein and fat were low.Students consumed very low amount of calcium,above 97% of them were below the AI and 63.2%-93.6% were below the 1/2 AI.The consumption of vitamin A,thiamin,riboflavin,vitamin C and vitamin E were all low. The shortage extent had a trend that increased with age.Compared the Han and Qiang nationalities,the Tibetan consumed the most carbohydrate and the lowest other nutrients.DBI evaluation showed that Tibetan students were higher in extent of excessive intake of grain and insufficient intake of all other foods.Concluslon The dietary pattern and nutrition status of Tibetan,Han,Qiang nationality students need to be more improved.更多还原