【作者】 吕仲贤； 俞晓平； Heong K L； 胡萃；

【Author】 LU Zhong-xian YU Xiao-ping HEONG Kong-luen HU Cui (Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines; Institute of Applied Entomology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China)

【机构】 浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所； 国际水稻研究所； 浙江大学应用昆虫学研究所；

【摘要】 稻田生态系统中施用氮肥不仅可以改进节肢动物的营养条件和生境,而且还可以通过水生无脊椎动物群落的变化改变整个食物链的结构和动态。水稻主要害虫稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱和钻蛀性螟虫种群的猖獗发生不仅与杀虫剂的不合理使用有关而且与稻田过量施用氮肥有关。在施用氮肥过多的稻株上黑肩绿盲蝽对褐飞虱卵和若虫的捕食能力明显下降。在施用氮肥过量的稻田中诱捕到的寄生蜂种群数量也显著减少。这些结果表明,天敌对害虫自然控制作用的下降可能是稻田过量施用氮肥后害虫种群增加的主要原因之一。为了有效地降低稻田氮肥的施用量、减少对环境的污染,必须提高氮肥的利用率。更多还原

【Abstract】 The application of nitrogen fertilizer not only improved the nutrients and habitats for arthropods but also modified the components of flood water ecology in a wetland rice fields, and altered the dynamics and structure of food web through the changing the aquatic invertebrate community. The outbreak of major insect pests of rice, planthoppers (Nilaparvala lu-gens and Sogalella furcifera), leaffolder ( Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), and stem borers ( Scirpophaga incertulas , Chilo sup-pressalis , S. innotata , C. polychrysus and Sesamia inferens), were mainly attributed to the excessively long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer in most rice planting areas, in addition to the misuse of insecticides. The fulsome nitrogen fertilization substantially reduced the predatory capacities of mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis on eggs and young nymphs of N. lugens on rice plants. The population abundance of planthoppers egg parasitoids were also significantly decreased because the darkened rice leaves attraction to parasitoids was weakened. Those results implied that the natural control function reduced of natural enemies should be one of the crucial factors to induce the outbreak of insect pest population in rice fields which applied with excessive nitrogenous fertilizer. Furthermore, the optimal regime of nitrogen fertilizer in irrigated paddy fields was discussed and improving the fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency and reducing the environmental pollution were proposed.更多还原