【作者】 牟咏花； 黄建中；

【Author】 Mu Yonghua(Institute of Horticullure, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021) & Huang Jiangzhong (Zhejiang Agroultural University , Hangzhou 310029)

【机构】 浙江省农科院园艺所； 浙江农业大学基础部；

【摘要】 以番茄杂交种“浙杂7号”和“加杂64”为材料,采用塑料大棚袋培和砂培相结合,研究了钙和钙调素(Calmodulin,CaM)与番茄生长发育及果实脐腐病的关系,结果表明:1)缺钙首先导致下部叶片退绿并出现黄褐色斑点,然后顶部幼叶出现褐色小斑扩大以至整片叶枯焦,生长点枯死,花蕾脱落,在此过程中,大量果实产生脐腐病。2)果实发育成熟过程中钙含量急剧增加;另一方面,也表现在果实发育至20天左右时出现了一个果实发育全过程中含钙量的最低水平,这与果实脐腐病在这个时期大量出现时间上相吻合。3)有脐腐病的果实含钙量显著低于正常果;在品质上,其还原糖,可溶性固形物及糖酸比等与正常果相当,而Vc含量明显下降;在理化特性上表现为BER果脱落酸的含量明显增加,而CaM含量则下降。4)电镜观察结果表明缺钙的叶片和果实组织其细胞壁结构和中胶层以及线粒体仍保持完整,而质膜和叶绿体膜系统则受到不同程度的损伤和破坏。5)用锑酸盐沉淀法对叶片和果实内的钙进行亚细胞定位表明,钙存在于木质部的导管和韧皮部筛管的蛋白体上, 也定位于细胞壁、中胶层·质膜、液泡膜、叶绿体膜及基粒和其质片层,线粒体膜系统及过氧化体和细胞核被膜及染色体上。钙分布于植物细胞众多细胞器中,但对其作用还了解甚少。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of calcium and calmodulin(CAM) on the growth and development of tomato as relation to its blosom-end rot(BER)were studed with tomato cv. Zheza 7 and Jiaza 64. The experiment results are shown as follows: Ca-deficiency in nutrient solution promoted first the senescence of leaves at bottom which showed chlorosis and brown-yellow spots, then the young leaves at tops showed typical symptoms of calcium deficiency. Soluble calcium in tomato fruit,especially the pericarp tissue, was increased during maturation and it was. probably a driving cause in ripening process. There was a phase about 20 days after pollination that calcium content was lowest, which suggested that there was probably an endogenous reason for blossom-end rot mostly happening in this phase, The electron micrograph of Ca-deficient leaf and fruit tissue showed the integrity of cell wall, middle lamella, as well as mitochondria. However, the plasmalemma and chloroplast were shown considerable disruption.更多还原