核电厂核事故医学应急准备中应用稳定碘的讨论

【作者】 张玉松； 周剑影； 刘玉龙； 郭晓葵； 庄志祥；

【机构】 苏州大学附属第二医院肿瘤职业病科；

【摘要】 在核爆或核能企业尤其是核电站严重事故中,放射性碘是污染环境的主要放射性核素。放射性碘浓集于甲状腺使甲状腺受照,引起甲状腺癌和良性结节危险增加,高剂量导致甲状腺机能减退。应用稳定碘是一种低代价、低风险的防护措施,通常推荐的口服剂量为 100 mg碘,干预水平为100mGy的甲状腺可避免剂量,实践中则需不同年龄分别加以考虑。为获得有效及时的防护,稳定碘应进行预分配,并和其它应急对策相组合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Radioactive iodine is one of important radioactive isotopes in the nuclear accident especially nuclear power station accidents. Radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland results in internal radiation exposure of the thyroid, which may lead to an increased risk of thyroid cancer and benign thyroid nodules at low dosage and, at high doses, hypothyroidism. Stable iodine administered is a low risk protective measure. In general, recommended dosage of stable iodine is 100mg iodine and the intervention level is 100mGy avertable dose, but different exposed population groups should be considered separately. To obtain most effective protection, stable iodine should be predistributed, and combined with other countermeasures.更多还原