【作者】 程汝宏； 师志刚； 刘正理； 夏雪岩；

【Author】 CHENG Ru-hong SHI Zhi-gang LIU Zheng-li XIA Xue-yan (National Millet Improvement Center,Institute of Millet Crops,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050031,China)

【机构】 国家谷子改良中心河北省农林科学院谷子研究所；

【摘要】 谷子(Setaria italica Beauv)是小粒半密植作物,千粒重仅3．0 g 左右,精量播种困难,且一般品种缺乏适宜的除草剂,几千年来,谷子生产一直依赖人工间苗、除草,不仅劳动繁重,而且谷田中的一些近缘野生种杂草与谷苗相似,难以识别,苗期一旦遇到连续阴雨天气,极易造成苗荒和草荒,一般减产20%～ 30%,部分重茬谷田甚至绝收,严重限制了谷子的规模化、集约化栽培。近年来,虽然谷子精量播种技术, 化控间苗技术、化学除草技术、抗除草剂育种取得进展,但由于种种技术原因,仍未在生产上得到大面积的应用。本项研究运用多系品种的概念结合从国外引进的谷子近缘野生种青狗尾草的抗除草剂基因,育成了适宜简化栽培的多系谷子新品种“冀谷25”,该品种由抗拿扑净的新品种“528-4”及其不抗除草剂的同型姊妹系“528-5”组成,在2004～2005年国家谷子品种区域试验中,较对照增产9．37%。该品种抗倒伏、抗旱、抗多种病害。通过研究姊妹系的适宜混配比例、播种量、除草剂种类、除草剂适宜喷施时期与剂量等,提出了与其配套的简化栽培技术,实现了化学间苗、化学除草,喷药后7 d 左右自动达到大田生产所需的留苗密度,出苗25 d 内对杂草防效90%以上,全生育期基本不需要人工间苗和人工除草。本项研究的相关内容“简化栽培谷子品种选育及配套栽培方法”,已获得了国家专利(专利号:ZL200410058088．9)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Foxtail Millet(Setaria italica Beauv),a kind of cereal crop with small seed(1,000 of seeds only a- bout 3.0 gramme)and suitable for semi-compact planting,is difficult for accurate sowing.For ordinary varie- ties,it is not easy to control weeds due to the lack of suitable herbicide in foxtail millet.For thousands of years, thinning seedlings and weed rely on manual work all the time,which is not only labor costing,but also hard for man to distinguish the millet seeding with some kindred-wild weeds.Furthermore,once the weather of successive rain occurs at the seeding stage,the over-growth of seedlings and weeds is likely to happen.That usually leads to 20% to 30% yield loss,even harvest nothing in the same stubble replicated field.All these have restricted the large-scale cultivation and intensive culture of foxtail millet today.Although such techniques as accurate sowing, thinning seedlings by chemicals,killing weed by herbicide,and herbicide-resistant breeding have made a certain level of progress in recent years,all these techniques have not been widely used in the millet production due to all kinds of reasons.In this program,a multi-line cultivars “Jigu 25”which suitable for simplified cultivation was developed by applying the concept of multi-line cuhivars and transferring the herbicide resistant gene from its wild species of foxtail millet introduced from abroad,“Jigu 25” is composed of Sethoxydim-resistant variety 528- 4 and its sib line 528-5 without herbicide resistance,it was 9.37% of increase in yield than control in National adptability test of millet varieties in 2004～2005.It is lodging-resistant,drought-resistant,and disease-resistant. The simplified cultivation technique matching the new varieties were put forward by studying the appropriate mix ratio of sib-lines,sowing amount,kinds of herbicide,properly spreading stage and dozen of herbicides,etc.By means of new varieties with their matching cultivation techniques,chemical thinning seedlings and chemical weed control can be realized.Around 7 days after using herbicides,the optimum density for the field production could be reached.In 25 days after seedling emergence,the efficiency for weeds control could be above 90%.There- fore,it is not basically necessary for artificial seedling-thinning and weed removal in the whole growth period of millet.The relevant contents in this study,i.e.,breeding of millet varieties suitable for simplified planting and matching cultivation method,have been obtained the national patent(ZL 200410058088.9).更多还原