【作者】 王东； 于振文； 于文明；

【Author】 WANG Dong YU Zhenwen YU Wenming SHI Yu ZHOU Zhongxin (Key Laboratory of Wheat Cultivation Physiology & Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture.Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,271018.China)

【机构】 山东农业大学农业部小麦栽培生理与遗传改良重点开放实验室；

【摘要】 研究了不同施氨水平对高产麦田土壤硝态氮时空变化和氮挥发的影响。结果表明,高产麦田土壤硝态氮在播种至冬前阶段不断向深层移动,并在140 cm 以下土层积累。每公顷施纯氮 96～168 kg·hm^-2,增加了60 cm 以上土层土壤硝态氮含量,降低了土壤氮素表观损失量占施氮量的比例,提高了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和籽粒产量,且土壤氮挥发损失较低,基施氮氨挥发损失占基施氮量的4．23％～5．51％;施氮量超过240 kgN·hm^-2,促进了土壤硝态氮向深层的移动和积累, 基施氮氨挥发损失、土壤氮素表观损失量及其占施氮量的比例均显著升高,对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量无显著影响,但籽粒产量降低。高产麦田适宜的氮素用量为132～204 kgN·hm^-2。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of nitrogen rates on spatio-temporal variations of soil nitrate and ammonia volatilization in high-yield wheat field were studied.The results showed that nitrate moved from surface soil into the lower layer and accumulated below 140 cm soil layers from sowing to winter.Nitrogen in 96～168 kgN·hm^-2increased the content of nitrate in 0～60 cm soil,decreased the proportion of apparent N losses to nitrogen rate,increased kernel yield and the content of protein in kernel,the losses of ammonia volatilization from basal nitrogen was 4.23%～5.51% of basal nitrogen rate;Nitrogen in excess of 240 kgN·hm^-2induced nitrate move to and accumulated in deeper soil layer,the losses of ammonia volatilization from basal nitrogen and the amount of apparent N losses and the proportion of apparent N losses to nitrogen rate increased significantly,the yield decreased and the content of protein in kernel was no significant changes.The appropriate amount of nitrogen supply in high-yield wheat field is 132～ 204 kgN·hm^-2.更多还原