【作者】 喻春明； 熊和平； 郭运玲； 唐守伟；

【Author】 YU Chun-ming XIONG He-ping GUO Yun-ling TANG shou-wei Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410006,China

【机构】 中国农业科学院麻类研究所；

【摘要】 本研究用苎麻性别变异体雌性系 GN,雄性系 SF,无花系 FL,雄性不育系 MS₁和MS₂ 等为材料,对其光温反应特性,性别决定和表达机理,开花调控方法,遗传规律和产量性状等进行了研究。结果如下: 在8--9小时的短日照处理条件下,与它们在自然短日照条件下的表现相比较:GN 仅开雌花,但成花量减少;SF 除开少量雄花外,还开了极少量的雌花;FL 始终未开花:MS₁和 MS₂的表现基本是一致的,稍有不同的是雄花花序数减少。诱导苎麻开花的最关键因素是短日照,而不是温度。此外,随着日照长度的缩短,苎麻雌花/雄花的比率呈提高的趋势,但成花量将会减少。苎麻性别变异体自身遗传特性是影响性别表达最重要的因素,其次是短日照和植物激素及化学药物等。短日照能增大雌/雄性别比率;植物激素及某些-化学药物能促进或抑制雌花或雄花的发育。100ppm 的 GA 有较好的诱导雄花的效果,成功地诱导出了 GN 和 FL 的雄花。硝酸银能诱导出 GN 少数植株极少的雄花。300ppm 的乙烯利有较好的诱导 SF 开雌花的效果, 但对 FL 没有诱导效果。嫁接能诱导 GN 开雄花,SF 开少量雌花,恢复雌雄同株异花;诱导 FL 开雄花,使 FL 成为雄株。嫁接不能改变 MS1和 MS2的雄性不育特性。 MS₁和 MS₂的雄性不育性状是由一对隐性核不育基因和相应的细胞质不育基因协同控制, 其遗传服从孟德尔遗传规律。雌性系和雄性系的遗传可能由多对隐性基因控制,具有加性效应,属于数量性状。与性别表现正常的苎麻品种（系）相比,除 FL 外,其它各苎麻性别变异体在株高、茎粗和鲜皮厚等产量性状上没有明显的差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 The materials of this research are gynoecious clone GN,staminate flower clone SF, flowerless clone FL,male sterile clone MS1 and MS2.These sexual variants are from multi-generation’s self-bred lines in ramie.Their reactions to day and temperature,the principle of their sexual determination and expression,the methods of controlling their flowering and their genetic regulations were studied.The results were as follows; In 8～9 hr.’s short days,GN occurred only female flowers,as it expression in natural short day;SF grew a little male flowers and very little female flowers;FL didn’t evermore grow flower, MS1 and MS2 were accordant with their expressions in natural short day.The key factor of inducing ramie flowering is short day,no temperature.As long as meeting the temperature of normal growing for ramie,flowering will not be hampered. The variants with genetic traits are the most important factors for their sexual expressions. The short day,plant’s hormones and some drugs are also influencing factors.The short day can increase the ratio of female to male;Plant’s hormones and some drugs can stimulate or restrain growing of their female flower or male flowers.100ppm GA had a good effect of inducing male flowers of GN and FL.300ppm ethylene had a good effect of inducing SF’s female flowers,no effect to FL.The grafting can induce male flowers of GN and FL,a little female flowers of SF,but not change MS1 and MS2 with male sterility. The male sterility of MS1 and MS2 was controlled by a pair of recessive nucleus sterile genes and relevant cytoplasm sterile gene.Its heredity obeyed Mendel genetic regulation. Heredities of GN and SF are probably controlled by multi-pairs of recessive genes.Their heredities have additive effects,belong to quantitative character,and obey genetic regulation of quantitative.更多还原