【作者】 谢华安； 李义珍； 姜照伟； 卓传营； 张上守； 郑荣和；

【Author】 Xie Huaan , Li Yizhen , Jiang Zhaowei , Zhuo Chuanying , Zhang Shangshou , Zheng Ronghe (Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003 , China; Agricultural Bureau of Youxi County, Youxi Fujian 365100, China)

【机构】 福建省农业科学院； 福建省尤溪县农业局；

【摘要】 在福建省尤溪县建立再生稻良种良法超高产示范片6.7hm2,5年平均产量头季12811kg·hm-2,再生季7512kg·hm-2。研究明确:(1)头季以每穗粒数变异最大,与产量相关最密切,次为每m2穗数,二者合计对形成超高产的贡献率达99%。达到产量12-14t·hm-2 的单位面积总粒数为每m24.5-5万粒,其穗粒结构,汕优明86为每m2300-340穗,每穗140 -160粒,大穗型的Ⅱ优航1号为每m2240-280穗,每穗180-200粒。(2)再生季以每m2穗数变异最大,与产量相关最密切,次为每穗粒数,二者合计对形成超高产的贡献率达97%。达到产量7-8t·hm-2的单位面积总粒数为每m23-3.5万粒,其穗粒结构,汕优明86为每m2560 -600穗,每穗50-60粒,大穗型的Ⅱ优航1号为每m2440-580穗,每穗60-80粒。(3)头季超高产的难点是如何在足额穗数基础上,进一步培育大穗,突破每m2总粒数的瓶颈。主要调控技术是:早播早栽,延长本田营养生长期;壮秧密植;畦厢式种稻结合间歇性沟灌;改进施肥技术。(4)再生季超高产的关键是大力提高腋芽萌发率,形成比头季多一倍的穗数,以多穗补小穗之不足。主要调控技术是:种好头季稻;提高根系后期活力;高留稻桩;重施芽苗肥。更多还原

【Abstract】 The demonstration field areas of fine breed and method in super - high yielding ratoon rice were established to 6. 7hm2 at Youxi county of Fujian province. The average yield of 5 years was12811kg hm-2 in main rice and 7512 kg hm-2 in ratoon rice, respectively. The results indicated that (1) The variation of spikelets per spike in main rice was the biggest, which related best to yield. The second was spikes per m2. The contribution rate of them to super high -yielding formation was 99%. To obtain the yield of 12 - 14t hm-2, the unit area total spikelets were 45000 - 50000. The spike and spikelet component were 300 - 340 spikes per m2 and 140 -160 spikelets for Shanyouming86, 240-280 spikes per m2 and 180-200 spikelets for Ⅱ youhangl of big spike type, respectively. (2) The variation of spikes per m2 in ratoon rice was the biggest, which related best to yield. The second was spikelets per spike. The contribution rate of them to super high - yielding formation was 97%. To obtain the yield of 7 - 8t · hm-2, the unit area total spikelets were 30000-35000. The spike and spikelet component were 560 - 600 spikes per m2 and 50 - 60 spikelets for Shanyouming86, 440 -580 spikes per m2 and 60 -80 spikelets for Ⅱ youhangl of big spike type, respectively. (3) The key for super high yield in main rice was how cultivated further big spike on the basis of adequate spike and breaked through the bottleneck of total spikelets per m2. The main regulation techniques were sowing and planting early in order to prolonging vegetative growth period of farmland, strong young plant and close planting, cultivating rice in ridge bed with intermittent furrow irrigation, advancing fertilizer practice. (4)The key for ratoon - super high yield was boosting germination rate of axillary bud strongly, forming once spikes than main rice and off- super high yield was boosting germination rate of axillary bud strongly, forming once spikes than main rice and off-seting shortage of small spikes within more spikes. The main regulation techniques were cultivating main rice well, improving vitality of root system at later stage, leaving higher rice stubble and dressing heavy fertilizer to promote buds and tillers.更多还原