【作者】 侯建华； 高宝嘉； 毕华明； 国志峰； 刘颖华； 高立杰； 李兰会； 朱凤恩；

【Author】 HOU Jian-Hua, GAO Bao-Jia, BI Hua-Ming, GUO Zhi-Feng, LIU Ying-Hua, GAO Li-Jie, LI Lan-Hui, ZHU Feng-En Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China Saihanba Mechanical Forest Centre, Weichang 068466, Hebei, China

【机构】 河北农业大学； 塞罕坝机械林场；

【摘要】 利用人工网捕法对内蒙古高原东南缘森林-草原过渡地带秋季森林带节肢动物群落的多样性进行了调查。结果表明:节肢动物共纪录到12目43科56种,分属于昆虫纲和蛛形纲,其中半翅目、同翅目、双翅目、蜘蛛目、膜翅目的种类和个体数最多。针叶林(油松林、樟子松林、落叶松林)、阔叶林(蒙古栎林、桦木林)、林间带(针叶林与阔叶林林间带)、溪流灌丛(柳灌丛)、荒坡草地等不同生境之间节肢动物的物种数平均值差异显著,各生境节肢动物群落间的相似性均较低,节肢动物在生境间的分布差异显著。在各生境中,针叶林与阔叶林之间的林间带具有最高的物种数平均值(29.50±9.19种)和个体数平均值(120.00±43.00只),并具有最高的物种组成(42种)、物种丰富度(7.0675、5.2950)和物种多样性(2.5699、2.6830),明显地体现了群落交错带具有边缘效应的现象;针叶林和阔叶林物种组成较高,针叶林和阔叶林的物种数平均值差异显著, 针叶林物种数高于阔叶林,且阳坡针叶林的物种丰富度和物种多样性亦高于阳坡阔叶林,这与气候改变引起树木本身及林相改变相关。在相同林型不同林分中,常绿的油松和樟子松林与落叶松林、桦木林与蒙古栎林之间亦存在差异。不同生境之间天敌物种的个体数平均值差异显著;天敌的物种数占总物种数的27.27%-38.10%, 蜘蛛类群占总物种数的9.90%-22.22%,蜘蛛占天敌物种数的33.33%-66.67%;天敌物种在维护森林带生态系统平衡中起着重要的作用更多还原

【Abstract】 The community diversity of arthropod was studied in autumn in forest belt of forest-grass zone in southeast edge of Neimenggu tableland. The results showed that 12 orders 43 families and 56 species were recorded, which belonging to Insect and Arachnoida. There were more species and individuals which belong to Heteroptera, Homoptera, Diptera, Araneae and Hymenopter. The average of species numbers were significantly different in different environment including coniferous-leaved forest (Pinus tabulaeformis , Pinus sylvestris , Larix spp.), broad-leaved forest ( Quercus mongolica , Betula platyphylla), belt between forests, shrub bery (Salix sp. ) and grassland. The indexes of Jaccard of arthropod community is low between difference environment, the distributing of arthropod was significantly different between difference environment. In these environments, the belt between coniferous-leaved forest and broad-leaved forest had the maximal value of average of species numbers (29.50 ± 9.19 species), average of individuals (120.00 ±43.00 singles), R (7.0675, 5.2950) and H (2.5699, 2.6830), edge domino offect was obvious. The community constitute were more complex in coniferous-leaved forest and broad-leaved forest, and the average of species numbers between these two environments were significantly different. The species number in coniferous-leaved forest was more than it in broad-leaved forest, the indexs of R and C were higher in sun-side of coniferous-leaved forest than them in the same side of broad-leaved forest. These had a correlation with tree inside and ecotype of forest change arosed by the climate change. In the same e-cotype of forest, the Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris were different from the Larix, the same so between the Quercus mongolica and the Betula platyphylla . The species of nature enemies were significantly different between difference environment. The percentages of nature enemies in total species was 27.27% - 38.10% , percentages of spider group was 9.90% -22.22% , percentages of spider group in total nature enemies was 33.33% - 66.67% . The nature enemies had the important effect in maintenting forest ecosystem balance更多还原