【作者】 张澍； 李晓林； 宋伟民；

【Author】 ZHANG Shu, Li Xiao-lin, SONG Wei-ming (Department of Environmental Health, Fudan Medical University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China)

【机构】 复旦大学公共卫生学院环境卫生教研室； 中国科学院上海原子核研究所；

【摘要】 [目的]分析配有三元催化转化器的汽车尾气中含铂颗粒物的表面特征。[方法]采用扫描电镜和等离子质谱技术对颗粒物进行分析。[结果]尾气颗粒中含有大量的Si和Al,平均浓度分别为30.88%:和23.71%;≤21μm的颗粒物占64%,颗粒物颜色为深褐色或黑色。电镜下观察颗粒物形状不规则,表面较粗糙,呈多孔状。汽车尾气颗粒物中铂含量为280±1ng/g,大气颗粒物(人民广场)中铂含量为27±0.5ng/g,尾气颗粒物中铂含量为大气颗粒物中铂含量的10倍。[结论]配有三元催化转化器的汽车尾气中含铂颗粒物以细颗粒物为主,有较强的吸附能力,是大气中铂的主要来源。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] To observe surface compositions and morphological features of particles emitted from motor vehicle. [Methods] Observed by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and ICP-MS. [Results] The results showed that the surface of particles from motor vehicle contained larger amount of Si and Al, amounting to 30.88% and 23.71% (average) among 8 elements measured, respectively. The size from motor vehicle particle ≤2μm particles amounted to 64% of the total particles. The shapes of particles were irregular, with rough multiple-porous surface. The Pt concentration of particles emitted from vehicle is 280±1ng/g, which is 10-fold higher than the Pt concentration of air particles collected from People Square (27±0.5ng/g).[Conclusion] Majority of particles emitted from motor vehicle are fine particles and have stronger absorbability which are the main source of Pt in the air.更多还原