【作者】 朱军； 杨宗渠； 陈海军； 党从军； 刘克波； 周杰； 王允；

【Author】 ZHU Jun YANG Zong-qu CHEN Hai-jun DANG Cong-jun LIU Ke-bo ZHOU Jie WANG Yun (Isotope Institute, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450052 )

【机构】 河南省科学院同位素研究所；

【摘要】 综述了电离辐射对谷物、豆类、酒类和果蔬食用及工艺品质的影响。在适宜辐照剂量范围内,经辐照的小麦的面粉的烘焙品质提高。高剂量可使面筋含量降低,降低烘焙品质。辐照使稻米的胶稠度增大,淀粉粘度明显下降,糊化温度升高;豆类经适宜剂量γ射线辐照后,烹调所所需的时间减少,制作的食品的口味与未辐照豆无差异,但质地和光滑程度优于未辐照豆。电离辐射可以使胰蛋白酶抑制剂失活但不影响食品的营养价值和加工性能;辐射处理薯干酒、大曲酒和葡萄酒能使它们发生自然老熟的变化。黄酒以γ射线辐照后,氨基酸总量增加,挥发酯含量提高、酸度下降,说明辐照对酒类具有明显的催陈作用;切片苹果和马铃薯经γ射线辐照预处理后,由于细胞内液泡受到破坏,出现质壁分离,其热风干燥特性发生改变,在一定热风干燥温度和马铃薯切片厚度下,干制品外观质量分比未辐照的于制品略有提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper summarized the effect of ionizing radiation on edible and processing quality of cereal, soybeans, liquor, fruit and vegetable. Inside the range of suitable irradiation dose, bake quality of flour of irradiated wheat is improved. The gluten content decreased under high doses, so its bake quality is lower. The gel consistency of irradiated rice increased, while starch viscosity of rice after irradiation decreased. Gelatinization temperature raised with the increasing dose of γ-irradiation. The necessary cooking time of soybeans is shortened after irradiation of suitable dose. The food produced by irradiated soybeans has the same taste as non-irradiated soybeans, but their texture and smooth degree are better than non-irradiated soybeans. Ionizing radiation can inactivated soybean trypsin inhibitor, at the same time doesn’t reduce the nutritional value and processing quality. Irradiating white spirit or wine can enhance their mellowing. Irradiated by γ-rays, the contents of amino acids and volatile esters of yellow rice wine increased, and its acidity decreased. It is concluded that irradiation can accelerate mellowing of white spirit and wine. The character of hot-air of slice apple and potato pretreated by γ-irradiation changed because vacuole inside cells was damaged and plasmolysis appeared. Under certain temperature of hot-air drying and definite slice thickness, outward appearance quality of dry product is just a little better than non-irradiation.更多还原