【作者】 于顺利； 蒋高明； 李文军；

【Author】 Yu Shunli, Jiang Gaoming(Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy ofScience, Beijing 100093)Li Wenjun (Beijing University, Beijing 100075)

【机构】 中国科学院植物研究所数量植被重点实验室； 北京大学环境学院；

【摘要】 南麂列岛海洋生物圈自然保护区,是以保护滩涂和近海的贝藻类及其生态环境为保护对象的海洋类型的自然保护区,但是陆地植被与环境的优劣直接关系到南麂列岛保护区的成败,为了更好地达到保护目的,我们通过实地考察、居民访问以及历史资料等收集等研究方法,对南麂列岛陆地植被进行了研究,发现南麂列岛的陆生生态系统存在下列问题:1)原生植被已经被破坏殆尽,所剩无几,另外伴人植物较多,人类活动是原生植被破坏的根本原因,但是近十年来植被自然恢复较快,植被盖度大大增加。2)植物区系成分以泛热带分布类型最多,其次为北温带分布类型;这给我们以启示,树种的选择应该以热带和亚热带种为最佳选择。3)人工栽培的树种黑松和木麻黄等树种不适宜本地环境,生长不够良好:4)南麂列岛的环境卫生状况不容乐观,存在多种污染源;5)大檑岛的水仙花面临灭顶之灾;6)大沙岙的草本群落面临消失的危险;7)三盘尾的结缕草草甸需要进一步加强保护。针对上述问题,建议:1)为了尽快提高本岛的植被覆盖率,上策为在保护的前提下,人工辅助栽培一些适合本岛的乡土树种,慎重引进外来种;下策尽量人工封育,让其自然恢复。2)根据专家建议,确定适合本岛生境的绿化树种;3)对污水采取适当的净化措施,对岛的生活垃圾进行合适的处理措施,4)迁出大檑岛的当地居民,保护水仙花的原生栖息地是保护好水仙花的根本。5)限制岛上旅游人数,发展高档次旅游。更多还原

【Abstract】 The vegetation history, present vegetation characteristics and their environment were studied by means of history information collection, visiting local resident and government functionary and vegetation investigation. We found: 1) The primitive vegetation was nearly destroyed by human activity. In past decades some animals and plants species such as yellow fish disappeared because of human activity. The establishment of Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve (The NMR) has good advantage to biome and their habitats. Since the foundation of the NMR, the number of some animals and the coverage of vegetation increased. But with the raise of tourists, the consume amount of aquatic products rise continuously. Some species such as Narcissus tazetta has been threatened. 2) The Pan-Tropical genera is the dominant distribution type of plant genera, followed by North Temperate distribution type and Sub Tropical distribution type. There are many vascular plants accompanying human. 3) Pinus thunbergi and Casuorrina oquisetifolia are unsuitable trees species for Nanji Island. 4) Several pollution source exist leading to dirty environment. 5) Narcissus tazetta in Dalei Island is heavily threatened by human disturbance. 6) Further measure will be taken to protect Zosia japonica meadow. So we suggested the migration from the core and the whole reserve area may be a good method of protecting biome and their habitats. The high environmental pressure can be reduced by controlling the number of tourist to Nanji by developing high-class tour. The restoration of vegetation of Nanji Island is very important for protecting all the living things in the shallow sea or near seashore. So the suggestions on how to restore he vegetation in Nanji were provided.更多还原