【作者】 刘长庚； 钟正生；

【Author】 LIU Chang-geng and ZHONG Zheng-sheng Business School,Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105

【机构】 湘潭大学商学院；

【摘要】 企业是一个创造净合作剩余的组织。企业要素产权的核心内容为要素收益权,即狭义的要素产权,也即对企业净合作剩余的索取权。要素产权的不同配置构成了企业产权制度的不同形式,并决定了企业的相对绩效。要素产权的实现程度,主要取决于效率因素和权力因素两个方面。前者指要素所有者投入企业的生产要素在创造企业净合作剩余中的贡献大小;后者包括:资产专有性程度、要素产权特性、要素市场竞争状况和技术条件变化。各个要素所有者分享企业净合作剩余的不同比例决定了不同的要素产权结构,它作为博弈均衡而存在。随着要素所有者贡献和谈判力量的变化,会产生博弈均衡的更替,这就是要素产权结构的变迁了。企业为获得超过平均利润的超额利润,必须培植某种异质性的核心知识和能力,而这来自企业中物质资本与人力资本的长期合作,并只能以人力资本为载体。所以在企业要素产权结构演进过程中,人力资本所有者分享企业净合作剩余的比例有提高之势。更多还原

【Abstract】 <Abstracts>he firm is an organization which can create net cooperative surplus. The key content ofroperty right of factor is the residual claimancy of factor that is a narrowly-defined property right ofactor, i.e. the claimancy for net cooperative surplus of the firm. Different allocations of the propertyright of factor form different property systems of the firm and determines the relative performances ofthe firm. The degree to which the property right of factor has been realized depends on two aspects:efficiency factor and power factor. The former means the contribution of the factor its owner has put into the firm in the process of creating firm surplus; The latter includes: the degree of assetsexclusiveness, the characteristic of the property right of factor, the state of market competition andthe change of technological condition. Different division proportions of the firm surplus shared byindividual factor owners determines different structures of the property right of factor which exists as agame equi tributions and bargaining power of factor owners will result in theeplacement of game equilibria, i.e. the evolution of the system of the property right of factor. Onlywhen the firm possesses certain heterogeneous core knowledge and competence can it gain super profitthat exceeds the average profit. This heterogeneous core knowledge and competence originate in along-term cooperation between material capital and human capital and can only take human capital ascarriers. So in the course of the evolution of the system of the property right of factor there exists atrend that human capital owner will share more firm surplus.更多还原