【作者】 刘子兰；

【机构】 湖南师范大学商学院；

【摘要】 自从20世纪80年代智利实行养老社会保障私有化改革以来,国际社会具有自由主义倾向的学者一直在鼓吹私有化模式,中国国内也有学者宣称,私有化已经成为社会保障改革的趋势。另一方面,中国的养老社会保险制度正在进行“统账”分离的试点改革,改革也遇到了许多困难,这些困难可能动摇人们对现行制度的信心。如果缺乏正确的理论指导,养老金制度的选择又将陷入无谓的争论。本文分析了不同文化背景下“社会保障”的不同含义,界定了养老社会保险私有化的具体内涵,澄清了养老社会保险领域关于私有化问题一些似是而非的观点。各国学者赞同或反对养老金计划私有化,主要围绕三个问题展开讨论:养老金计划与储蓄率的关系,投资回报率以及收入再分配效应。本文对这三个问题进行了分析,对中国养老金制度改革具有现实指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1980s when Chile carried out reforms to privatize its social security, the liberalistic scholars in international society have been advocating the privatization model. In the Mainland of China, some scholars acclaimed that privatization has been the trend of social security reform. On the other respect, old-age social insurance policy is carrying out the experimental reform of separating individual accounts from social pooling in China. This reforming process encounters numerous obstacles, which could weaken people’ s confidence to the current policy. Without the guideline of correct theories, the selection of the pension scheme will fall into insignificant arguments. To solve all these problems, this paper analyzes the different meanings of "social security" under diverse backgrounds, gives the concrete definition of privatizing the old-age social insurance, and clarifies many rough-and-tumble questions about privatization. The arguments made by scholars who agree or oppose the privatization of old-age social security are all around these three aspects: the pension scheme, the relationship between the savings rate and the growth rate of economics, the return rate of investment and the redistribution of income. This paper profoundly analyzes these three problems and comes to some basic conclusions which can practically instruct the reform of Chinese pension scheme.更多还原