【作者】 尹铁虎；

【Author】 Yin Tie hu (Beijing institute of graphic communication printing and packaging engineering college Beijng 102600)

【机构】 北京印刷学院印刷与包装工程学院；

【摘要】 中国古代有着项目诸多的科技发明,其中最为世人称道的是“火药、指南针、造纸和印刷”这四大发明。印刷术,被誉为“文明之母”。世界最古老的印刷术,是中国先民发明的雕版印刷。雕版印刷术历经隋唐、五代的发展,至宋已经进入全盛时期。公元11世纪中叶,北宋布衣毕异成功地对古老的雕版印刷工艺实现了重大改革,发明了活字版印刷。毕昇的这一原创性发明,是以胶泥为材料刻成泥活字,再经火烧致其坚后用来排版印刷,由此开创了使用活字制版印刷的新纪元。沈括《梦溪笔谈》一书,对毕异的发明作了比较详细的记载。本文就《梦溪笔谈》这一历史著述中有关毕异活字技术,如“胶泥刻字”、“火烧令坚”等制字工艺内容,重点作一探讨,力图解开毕异活字术的技术奥秘,并对沈括言犹未尽之处做出科学解析。更多还原

【Abstract】 there were so many technological invention in china antiquity, in these inventions "powder, compass, paper making and printing" are the most famous four. Printing is called the mother of civilization. The oldest printing technology in the world is china’s engraving printing. Engraving printing come through SuiTang dynasty, wu dai, and then came to its crest at song dynasty. In the middle of 11 century, Bi sheng invented type printing. This invention, use mud as material to make type, and fire it to make it solidity, then print, thereout begin a new era of type printing. Shen kuo’book "meng xi bi tan", detailedly record this invention.This article make deep study according to Bi sheng type printing recordation in "meng xi bi tan" this famous book, such as "carve mud to make character", "fire it to make it solidity", and other technics, the purpose is make clear of Bi sheng type printing, and give some complementaritys to Shen kuo’s book with science.更多还原