【作者】 吴胜军； 杜耘； 王学雷； 薛怀平；

【Author】 WU Shengjun DU Yun WANG Xuelei Xue Huapingl 1 Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430077 2 The Faculty of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074

【机构】 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所；

【摘要】 通过对长江历次大洪水的分析,总结了长江洪水的形成原因和类型:长江流域的洪水基本上是由暴雨形成的,根据暴雨地区分布和覆盖范围把长江洪水分为区域性大洪水和全流域性大洪水。在洪水过程中上游表现为过程尖瘦的洪水,中下游则是峰高量大,持续时间长。在上游洪水组成中,各支流所占比例相差不大,中下游洪水组成中上游洪水约占一半,洞庭湖、鄱阳湖水系的洪水量也较大。遇气候反常,上游洪水提前,或中下游洪水滞后,就会形成长江中下游地区洪水与上游地区洪水、干支流洪水遭遇的情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 The authors conclude the cause and type of the flood of the Yangtze River by anglicizing the heavy floods of Yangtze River.The floods of Yangtze River were caused by hard rain primarily, and the floods were sorted into area flood and full drainage area flood according to the distributing and area of the hard rain in Yangtze River drainage area. The floods of the upper and lower reaches rise and decline sharply, the flood’s level of the middle reaches is very high and the quantity is large and lasts a long time, in the compose of the flood of the upper reaches, the proportions of each anabranch are almost equivalent, and in which of middle and lower reaches, the flood from upper reaches occupy almost 50%, and the flood of Dongting Lake and Poyang lake are also heavy. If the climate be abnormal, it will lead to the flood of the each reach, or anabranch meet together to form heavy flood disaster.更多还原