【作者】 李慧；

【导师】 王勇；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 安全科学与工程， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 高温熔融金属泄漏易造成群死群伤,因此,高温熔融金属泄漏事故的防控工作是历年来冶金行业安全治理的重点。国内外通常采用耐火材料隔离、冷却剂冷却固化、阻燃材料覆盖等技术抑制泄漏高温熔融金属的扩散,但这些技术在响应速度和处置效果等方面存在明显不足。针对上述问题,本文开展了处置泄漏高温熔融金属的磷石膏泡沫浆的制备及性能研究,为泄漏高温熔融金属的处置提供新技术,为磷石膏固废的高价值利用提供新途径。主要研究结果包括:(1)通过混合磷石膏浆和水基泡沫制备得到磷石膏泡沫浆,基于单因素实验确定了磷石膏泡沫浆的最优配比。研究表明,磷石膏浆的最优水灰比为0.4,灰分最优质量配比为磷石膏60.0%、硫铝酸盐水泥9.0%、粉煤灰25.8%、生石灰5.2%。水基泡沫的最优质量配比为α-烯基磺酸钠0.3%、硅树脂聚醚乳液0.14%和黄原胶0.3%。磷石膏泡沫浆中泡沫液最优质量含量为20%,对应磷石膏泡沫浆的泌水率为0.75%,硬化后的表观密度为528 kg/m~3。(2)通过自制高温熔融金属降温隔热实验装置和阻流实验装置,开展了磷石膏泡沫浆对720℃铝液的处置效能研究。降温隔热实验表明,磷石膏浆水灰比超过0.5时或磷石膏泡沫浆中泡沫液质量含量超过22.5%时,铝液处置过程中会发生喷溅。相对于水基泡沫和磷石膏浆,磷石膏泡沫浆对铝液的降温隔热效果更优;含黄原胶增稠剂的磷石膏泡沫浆对铝液的降温速率达3.82℃/s,其隔热性能优于含其他两种增稠剂磷石膏泡沫浆。阻流实验表明,磷石膏浆的阻流效果优于磷石膏泡沫浆,磷石膏泡沫浆能够更大面积覆盖、包裹流淌铝液,降低热辐射危害。(3)热失重实验研究表明,磷石膏泡沫浆存在自由水蒸发和结晶水脱除两个阶段,热稳定性较强的样品对铝液降温速率较快,含黄原胶增稠剂的磷石膏泡沫浆的总热失重量最大,对铝液降温速率最快。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-temperature molten metal leakage often causes mass casualties.Therefore,the prevention and control of high-temperature molten metal leakage accidents has always been the focus of safety governance in the metallurgical industry over the years.Both domestically and internationally,technologies such as isolation with refractory materials,cooling and solidification with coolants,and covering with flame-retardant materials are commonly employed to suppress the diffusion of leaked high-temperature molten metals.However,these technologies have obvious deficiencies in terms of response speed and disposal effect.In response to the above problems,this paper conducts research on the preparation and performance of phosphogypsum foam slurry for the disposal of leaked high-temperature molten metal,providing a new technology for the disposal of leaked high-temperature molten metal and a new approach for the high-value utilization of phosphogypsum solid waste.The main research results include:(1)Phosphogypsum foam slurry was prepared by mixing phosphogypsum slurry and water-based foam,and the optimal ratio of phosphogypsum foam slurry was determined based on single-factor experiments.Studies show that the optimal water-cement ratio of phosphogypsum slurry is 0.4,and the optimal mass ratio of ash content is 60.0% for phosphogypsum,9.0% for sulphoaluminate cement,25.8%for fly ash,and 5.2%for quicklime.The optimal quality ratio of water-based foam is0.3%sodiumα-enyl sulfonate,0.14%silicone resin polyether emulsion and 0.3%xanthan gum.The optimal mass content of the foam liquid in the phosphogypsum foam slurry is 20%,the corresponding bleeding rate of the phosphogypsum foam slurry is 0.75%,and the apparent density after hardening is 528 kg/m~3.(2)Through self-made high-temperature molten metal cooling and heat insulation experimental devices and flow-blocking experimental devices,the treatment efficiency of phosphogypgypsum foam slurry on 720℃aluminum liquid was studied.The cooling and heat insulation experiments show that when the water-cement ratio of phosphogypsum slurry exceeds 0.5 or the mass content of foam liquid in phosphogypsum foam slurry exceeds 22.5%,splashing will occur during the disposal of aluminum liquid.Compared with water-based foam and phosphogypsum slurry,phosphogypsum foam slurry has a better cooling and heat insulation effect on molten aluminum.The cooling rate of phosphogypsum foam slurry containing xanthan gum thickener for molten aluminum reaches 3.82℃/s,and its heat insulation performance is superior to that of phosphogypsum foam slurry containing the other two thickeners.The flow-blocking experiment shows that the flow-blocking effect of phosphogypsum slurry is superior to that of phosphogypsum foam slurry.Phosphogypsum foam slurry can cover and wrap the flowing aluminum liquid over a larger area,reducing the hazard of thermal radiation.(3)Thermogravimetric experiments show that phosphogypsum foam slurry has two stages:free water evaporation and crystalline water removal.Samples with stronger thermal stability have a faster cooling rate for aluminum liquid.Phosphogypsum foam slurry containing xanthan gum thickener has the largest total heat loss weight and the fastest cooling rate for aluminum liquid.更多还原