【作者】 李超；

【导师】 赵伟峰；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳建筑大学 ， 建筑学， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国中度老龄化社会背景下,社区居家养老作为我国重要的养老方式,研究其发展历程以及现状能够反映出现阶段的养老建筑特征,为养老建筑研究提供可参考的实例以及研究数据。本研究以南京市社区居家养老服务中心为研究对象,通过实地调研与层次分析,系统探究其总体布局和单体建筑上的使用矛盾。研究方法包含实地调研与问卷、行为观察与访谈,以及层次解析的综合方法体系,从宏观分布格局到微观功能空间两个层面展开实证研究。宏观分析显示,设施空间分布呈现显著区域差异,中心城区配置密度高于城乡过渡区域,与老年人口空间集聚态势存在不匹配现象。既有设施的标准化服务范围设定未能充分考虑老年群体活动能力衰退特征,导致部分区域设施可达性与实际使用效能脱节。养老中心存在健身设施不适老、无障碍系统不完善等适老化问题,景观体系构成单一,老年人的环境体验与社会参与度较弱。微观功能空间分析揭示结构性矛盾:基础活动空间覆盖率较高,但针对特殊老年群体的专项空间配置严重不足;同时,封闭式的空间布局影响老年人的生活体验。研究指出,上述问题的深层机制涉及两方面:规划层面沿用静态人口模型,缺乏对老年行为特征的动态响应机制;设计实践存在学科协同不足,导致空间供给与复合型养老需求错位。基于此,提出相应优化策略:规划层面建立分级配建导控体系,将老年人移动能力纳入实际服务范围;场地环境层面推行适老化的迭代更新,重点优化无障碍通勤与多层次的景观节点;建筑空间层面采用功能配置优化,营造特色的适老化空间以提升功能空间效能。强调跨学科协同机制建设,整合老年学研究成果指导空间细节设计。本研究通过”问题诊断-机制解析-策略响应”的研究路径,为社区养老设施的提质改造提供了技术参照,本文实地调查与多层次的分析方法对相关养老建筑研究具有参考价值和数据支持。未来研究可延伸至智能化改造技术应用与多元主体协同共建机制探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 In China’s context of moderate aging society,community-based home care facilities serve as a crucial elderly care model.Examining their developmental trajectory and current status provides insights into the characteristics and operational realities of modern elderly care architecture,offering valuable references for related research.This study focuses on Nanjing Community Home Care Service Centers,employing field surveys and hierarchical analysis to systematically investigate spatial layout conflicts between overall planning and individual building functions.The methodology integrates field investigations with questionnaires,behavioral observations with interviews,and hierarchical analysis,conducting empirical research across three dimensions:macro-level spatial distribution,meso-level site environment,and micro-level functional spaces.Macro-level analysis reveals significant regional disparities in facility distribution,with central urban areas exhibiting notably higher density than transitional zones between urban and rural regions.This mismatch persists despite spatial clustering patterns of elderly populations.Existing facilities’standardized service radius criteria fail to account for the declining mobility characteristics of older adults,resulting in accessibility gaps that disconnect physical reach from practical effectiveness.Mid-level evaluations demonstrate widespread age-inappropriate fitness equipment,inadequate barrier-free systems,and monotonous landscape designs–all hindering seniors’environmental engagement and social participation.Micro-level functional analysis exposes structural contradictions:while basic activity spaces maintain high coverage rates,specialized spaces catering to specific elderly groups remain severely underdeveloped.Moreover,enclosed spatial configurations negatively impact seniors’quality of life.The study reveals that the underlying mechanisms of these issues stem from two critical aspects:First,the planning framework continues to rely on static population models without incorporating dynamic responses to elderly behavioral patterns.Second,inadequate interdisciplinary collaboration in design practices has created a mismatch between spatial infrastructure and diverse senior care needs.To address this,three-tier optimization strategies are proposed:At the planning level,establish a tiered allocation control system that incorporates mobility parameters into service radius calculations;at the site environment level,implement age-friendly renovations with priority given to barrier-free commuting facilities and intergenerational landscape nodes;at the architectural space level,optimize functional configurations to create distinctive aging-friendly environments that enhance spatial efficiency.The strategy emphasizes building cross-disciplinary coordination mechanisms and integrating gerontological research findings to guide detailed spatial design.This study employs a research framework of "problem diagnosis,mechanism analysis,and strategy response"to provide technical references for upgrading community elderly care facilities.The field investigation and multi-level analytical methods employed in this paper offer valuable insights and data support for related elderly care building research.Future studies could expand to explore intelligent renovation technologies and collaborative mechanisms involving multiple stakeholders.更多还原