【作者】 张灿；

【导师】 郑春梅；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 体育（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 研究背景:随着社会发展和教育理念的不断更新,越来越多的家长和教育工作者开始重视幼儿体能训练的重要性。4-5岁是儿童身体机能和动作能力发展的黄金阶段。研究显示,该阶段基础运动技能(FMS)的培育质量与其身心健康发展呈显著正相关。当前幼儿基本动作技能普遍存在发展滞后现象,这对其整体健康水平构成显著威胁。科学设计的体能训练方案能够产生多维度的积极效应。除强化运动素质外,系统化的体能干预方案不仅能够促进动作技能的形成,还有助于改善情感调控、智力发展及社会交往能力等多维度发展指标。值得注意的是,此类训练对儿童社会化进程中的环境适应能力提升具有特殊价值,这为学前教育阶段的课程设计提供了重要理论依据。研究目的:本研究旨在探讨基于IFT模式的体能训练对4-5岁幼儿基本动作技能(FMS)及社会性发展的影响。研究方法:本研究采用文献资料法、是研发等研究方法系统分析功能性综合训练(IFT)对4-5岁幼儿基本动作技能及社会化发展的干预效应。本研究采用分层随机取样方法,从济南市某省级示范幼儿园选取60名该年龄段儿童作为研究对象,通过随机分配将受试者等量分为干预组和对比组。干预组接受为期14周、每周3次的IFT系统性训练课程,对比组则保持原有的户外体育活动安排。采用国家《幼儿体质健康标准》评估生理机能指标,运用TGMD-2标准化量表测定粗大动作发展水平,研究采用儿童社会适应能力评定量表对受试者的社会化进程进行评估。研究分析显示:(1)实验组幼儿在身体素质的六项指标(柔韧、协调、速度、平衡、灵敏、力量)均呈现极显著改善,两组儿童在位移能力和物体控制能力方面均获得明显进步(p<0.001),且干预组的进步幅度显著大于对比组;(2)实验组社会性发展总分提高40.93分(p<0.001),在意志、内外向性、情绪稳定性、同伴关系等维度表现尤为突出;(3)对照组虽在部分身体素质(协调、速度、力量)和操作技能(双手接球、肩上掷球等)上有自然发展,但提升幅度有限,社会性发展仅局部改善(如依恋家人、自尊心)。结论:IFT训练体系通过游戏化任务设计和渐进式难度阶梯,构建了运动技能习得与社会化发展的协同促进机制。这种以动作模式迁移为基础的综合干预策略,不仅显著优化了幼儿基础运动能力的发展轨迹,更为学前教育阶段的体教融合实践提供了可操作的课程范式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background:With the advancement of society and the continuous evolution of educational concepts,an increasing number of parents and educators are recognizing the critical importance of physical fitness training in early childhood.The preschool period of 4-5 years represents a golden phase for developing children’s physiological functions and motor competencies.Research indicates a significant positive correlation between the quality of fundamental movement skills(FMS)acquisition during this stage and children’s holistic physical-mental development.Currently,a prevalent developmental delay in basic motor skills among preschoolers poses substantial risks to their overall health status.Scientifically designed physical training programs demonstrate multidimensional benefits:beyond enhancing motor qualities,systematic physical interventions not only facilitate motor skill acquisition but also improve emotional regulation,cognitive development,and social interaction capabilities.Particularly noteworthy is their unique contribution to enhancing environmental adaptability in children’s socialization process,providing valuable theoretical foundations for preschool curriculum development.Research objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical training based on the IFT model on the basic motor skills(FMS)and socialization development of 4-5-year-old toddlers.Research Methodology:This study used research methods such as literature method and is research and development to systematically analyze the intervention effect of functional integrated training(IFT)on the development of basic motor skills and socialization of 4-5-year-old toddlers.Based on the principle of stratified random sampling,60 4-5-year-old children in a provincial model garden in Jinan City,Shandong Province,were selected as the study sample and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group was divided into two groups:the control group and the experimental group.The experimental group implemented a 14-week,three-times-a-week structured IFT program,and the control group maintained the regular outdoor physical activity program.Physiological indicators were assessed using the National Early Childhood Physical Fitness Standards,gross motor development was measured using the TGMD-2 standardized scale,and social development was assessed by the Early Childhood Social Adaptive Skills Scale.The analysis of the study showed that:(1)the experimental group showed highly significant improvement in all six indicators of physical fitness(flexibility,coordination,speed,balance,agility,and strength),and significant improvement in basic motor skills(mobility skills and manipulative skills)(p<0.001),which were significantly higher than those of the control group;(2)the experimental group showed an increase in the total score of social development by 40.93 points(p<0.001),especially in the dimensions of will,internal and external orientation,emotional stability,and peer relations;(3)although the control group showed natural development in some physical qualities(coordination,speed,and strength)and manipulative skills,the enhancement was limited,and the social development was only partially improved(e.g.,attachment to family members,and self-esteem).Conclusions:The IFT training system constructs a synergistic facilitation mechanism for motor skill acquisition and social development through gamified task design and progressive difficulty ladders.This comprehensive intervention strategy based on the transfer of movement patterns not only significantly optimizes the developmental trajectory of young children’s basic motor skills,but also provides an actionable curriculum paradigm for the practice of physical-educational integration in the preschool stage.更多还原