【作者】 姚远；

【导师】 李专； 孙军；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【副题名】以建昌县药王庙镇为例

【摘要】 伴随经济的稳步发展,中国现已成为全球规模最大的化肥生产与消费国家之一。诚然,化肥的投入极大地促进了农作物产量的提高,然而其过度施用所产生的不良影响也不容忽视。大量施用化肥不但会致使土壤板结、酸化,致使土壤肥力下降以及农产品品质降低,还会引发水体富营养化、使温室气体排放加剧并对臭氧层造成破坏。另外,农户在施肥时存在施肥结构不合理、施用量过大以及化肥利用效率低下等状况。尽管短期内增加施肥量能够增加收益,但是从长远视角而言,这种行为会对土壤健康、水资源保护以及食品安全造成严重的危害。本研究综合运用了计划行为理论、农户行为理论、外部性理论以及可持续发展理论等理论,并在全面梳理国内外相关研究成果的基础上展开。首先,通过理论探讨,构建了模型并提出研究假设。在此基础上,采用建昌县药王庙镇220户蓝莓种植户的实地调查数据,对当前状况进行了详细阐述。继而,进入研究的具体设计阶段,该阶段涵盖了问卷设计、二元回归模型的建立、变量选择等环节。其次,本文对药王庙镇蓝莓种植户的个人特征、家庭状况、生态认知水平以及外部环境因素进行了深入描述性统计分析。最终,本文通过实证方法探讨了影响药王庙镇蓝莓种植户减少化肥使用意愿的各种因素。本文主要结论如下,在药王庙镇的蓝莓种植户中,种植面积和种植收入在家庭总收入中所占的比例这两个变量,对减少化肥使用的意愿产生了负面影响。相反,文化程度、每年参加农业技术培训的频次、对蓝莓产量和品质影响的认知、对人体健康影响的认知、对过量化肥污染环境影响程度的认知、对化肥相关政策的知晓程度以及政府补贴与种植户采纳减施化肥决策的关联性,这7个因素呈现显著正向影响。基于研究结论,从政府层面、社会层面、种植户层面三个维度提出意见建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the steady development of the economy,China has now become the world’s largest producer and consumer of chemical fertilizers.While the input of chemical fertilizers has greatly promoted the increase in crop yields,the adverse effects of its excessive application cannot be ignored.Excessive use of chemical fertilizers not only leads to soil compaction and acidification,resulting in a decline in soil fertility and a reduction in the quality of agricultural products,but also causes eutrophication of water bodies,intensifies greenhouse gas emissions,and damages the ozone layer.Additionally,farmers often exhibit irrational fertilization structures,excessive application rates,and low fertilizer use efficiency.Although increasing fertilizer application can increase short-term profits,this behavior poses serious threats to soil health,water resource protection,and food safety in the long run.This study comprehensively applies theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior,Farmer Behavior Theory,Externality Theory,and Sustainable Development Theory.It is conducted based on a thorough review of relevant research both domestically and internationally.Firstly,through theoretical discussion,a model is constructed,and research hypotheses are proposed.Based on this,field survey data from 220 blueberry farmers in Yaowangmiao Town,Jianchang County,are used to provide a detailed description of the current situation.Subsequently,the study progresses to the specific design phase,which includes questionnaire design,the establishment of a binary regression model,and variable selection.Secondly,this paper conducts an in-depth descriptive statistical analysis of the personal characteristics,family circumstances,ecological awareness levels,and external environmental factors of blueberry farmers in Yaowangmiao Town.Finally,this paper empirically investigates the various factors influencing the willingness of blueberry farmers in Yaowangmiao Town to reduce chemical fertilizer use.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:among blueberry farmers in Yaowangmiao Town,the two variables of planting area and the proportion of planting income in total family income have a negative impact on the willingness to reduce chemical fertilizer use.In contrast,the following seven factors show a significant positive impact:educational level,frequency of participation in agricultural technology training each year,perception of the impact on blueberry yield and quality,perception of the impact on human health,perception of the extent of environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilizer use,awareness of fertilizer-related policies,and the correlation between government subsidies and farmers’adoption of reduced fertilizer use decisions.Based on the research conclusions,suggestions are put forward from three dimensions:the government level,the social level,and the farmer level.更多还原