【作者】 张琳；

【导师】 文礼朋；

【作者基本信息】 桂林电子科技大学 ， 理论经济学， 2025， 硕士

【副题名】基于CGSS数据

【摘要】 在劳动力市场中,教育作为人力资本中至关重要的一部分,是影响劳动者收入的重要因素,我国作为人口大国,就业任务艰巨,加之近年“考研热”“考公热”“编制热”等浪潮袭来,大众越来越关注公共部门与非公共部门就业的偏好与薪资的差异,而受教育年限作为衡量教育的指标,会直接影响公共部门与非公共部门工资收入。因此,本文利用中国综合社会调查数据库(CGSS)的跨期截面数据,选取2010年—2021年中七年的数据,运用扩展的明瑟方程模型研究受教育年限对中国公共部门与非公共部门劳动者工资收入的影响及差异。本文首先估计受教育年限对两类部门收入的影响,接着,使用分位数回归法从整体样本以及各年份样本两个维度展开分析,以此全方位、精细化地探究在不同工资收入分位点上,受教育年限对不同工作部门工资收入所造成的影响差异,最后,利用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法进一步分析造成受教育年限对两个部门工资差异的影响因素。本文通过研究发现:(1)受教育年限增长会提升个体的工资收入,且公共部门中的收入增长高于非公共部门。这可能与公共部门的录用和晋升机制特性有关,公共部门能力与绩效考核相对柔性与非标准化,为了确保公平公正与权威性,不得不更加看重学历,学历在录用与晋升中地位重要,从而收入与受教育年限关联性较大。非公共部门能力与绩效考核相对硬性和标准化,学历考核重要性降低,故收入与教育年限的关联小于公共部门。(2)受教育年限对收入的提升效应,无论是公共部门还是非公共部门,在0.25分位点即低收入阶段的增长幅度最高,随后提升效应随着分位数增加逐渐递减。(3)由于性别歧视的存在,会造成不同性别劳动者受教育年限对工资收入影响存在差异,而且非公共部门女性受到歧视更严重。但是,在2010年—2021年,公共部门的性别歧视有所变大,非公共部门性别歧视整体有所降低,这可能是由于近年来公共部门女性受教育年限提升很快,而在二孩三孩政策放开后女性晋升空间有所下降,性别歧视有所上升,而非公共部门由于相关法律条例的完善,性别歧视有所降低。(4)受教育年限对两个部门工资收入的影响存在民族和区域差异。经济发达地区教育的边际收益较大,由于汉族居住地区经济相对发达,因而在教育边际收益的民族差异方面,汉族劳动者受教育年限的边际收益相对较大,但是在非公共部门,非汉族受教育年限的边际收益相对较大,这可能是因为非公共部门非汉族原来的受教育水平相对较低,在这个基础上教育边际收益相对较大。在教育边际收益的区域差异方面,无论是公共部门还是非公共部门,都是东部地区最大。但是在公共部门,中部地区受教育年限增加对收入提升程度最小,而在非公共部门,西部地区最小,这与地方经济发展、教育水平和产业结构等因素相关。为促进我国就业高质量发展,改善居民的收入水平,应分别对公共部门与非公共部门提出相应政策建议,减少受教育年限对两部门间的工资差异,避免性别歧视,保障劳动者权益。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the labor market,education,as a crucial component of human capital,is an important factor influencing workers’income.As a populous country,China faces a formidable employment task.Moreover,in recent years,waves such as the"postgraduate entrance examination craze","civil service examination craze",and"public sector job craze"have swept across the nation,making the public increasingly concerned about the differences in employment preferences and salaries between public and non-public sectors.The years of education,as an indicator to measure education,directly affects the wage income in public and non-public sectors.Therefore,this paper uses the cross-sectional data of China General Social Survey Database(CGSS)to select the data of the middle seven years from 2010 to 2021.The extended Mincer equation model is used to study the impact of years of schooling on the wage income of public and non-public sector workers in China.First,this paper estimates the effects of years of schooling on income in two sectors.Then,quantile regression method is used to analyze the whole sample and the samples of each year.In this way,the paper probes into the difference of the influence of years of education on the wage income of different working departments at different wage income points in an all-round and fine way.Finally,the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method is used to further analyze the factors that cause the years of education to affect the wage difference between the two sectors.Through the research,this paper finds that:(1)the increase of years of education will increase the wage income of individuals,and the income growth in the public sector is higher than that in the non-public sector.This may be related to the characteristics of the recruitment and promotion mechanism in the public sector.The ability and performance assessment in the public sector are relatively flexible and non-standardized.In order to ensure fairness,justice and authority,we have to pay more attention to academic qualifications,which play an important role in recruitment and promotion,so income is closely related to the years of education.In non-public sector,ability and performance assessment is relatively rigid and standardized,and the importance of academic qualification assessment is reduced,so the correlation between income and years of education is smaller than that in public sector.(2)The increasing effect of years of education on income,whether in the public sector or non-public sector,has the highest growth rate at the 0.25 sub-point,that is,the low-income stage,and then the increasing effect gradually decreases with the increase of quantile.(3)Due to the existence of gender discrimination,there are differences in the impact of years of education on wages and incomes of workers of different genders,and non-public sector women are more seriously discriminated against.However,from 2010 to 2021,gender discrimination in the public sector has increased,while gender discrimination in the non-public sector has decreased overall.This may be due to the rapid increase in the years of female education in the public sector in recent years,and the decrease in female promotion space after the implementation of the two-child and three-child policy,while gender discrimination has increased in the non-public sector due to the improvement of relevant laws and regulations.Gender discrimination has decreased.(4)There are ethnic and regional differences in the influence of years of education on the wage income of the two sectors.The marginal benefit of education in economically developed areas is larger.As the economy of Han ethnic group is relatively developed,the marginal benefit of Han ethnic group in terms of marginal benefit of education is relatively large,but in non-public sectors,the marginal benefit of non-Han ethnic group in terms of education is relatively large,which may be due to the original education level of non-Han ethnic group in non-public sectorsTo promote the high-quality development of employment in our country and improve the income level of residents,corresponding policy recommendations should be proposed for both the public and non-public sectors,reducing the wage gap between the two sectors due to education years,avoiding gender discrimination,and safeguarding the rights and interests of workers.更多还原