【作者】 宋阳；

【导师】 田哲文；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 车辆工程（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究旨在设计一种基于向心加速度的汽车门锁系统耐惯性试验台。汽车门锁的被动安全在确保乘客在车辆事故中的安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用,在极端碰撞条件下需确保门锁装置维持闭锁状态以保护车内乘员因可能发生的车门打开不被甩出车厢或外物侵入而引发的致命伤害。汽车门锁是汽车的重要的安全件,也是汽车法规件之一。其产品的性能好坏,直接影响到车辆驾乘人员的人身及财产安全,门锁是否满足法规安全项目要求至关重要。而安全要求的项目是否容易被检测直接影响汽车零部件企业的开发进度和研发成本。为规范这一性能指标,我国国家标准GB 15086对汽车门锁系统的耐惯性能力做出强制性要求,该标准参照GTR No.1修制定,其中针对M1和N1类车辆的汽车门锁系统的耐惯性载荷能力提出了要求:门锁(在解锁止的状态下)在规定方向上承受30g的惯性载荷时,不得从全锁紧位置释放。就锁系统的惯性载荷承受能力而言,GB 15086将评估方法分为两种模式。其中之一是基于待评价的车门锁装置的数模或工装图纸进行理论计算评价,另一种是通过使用固定在加(减)速装置上的装配有完整汽车门锁系统的白车身或车门组件进行动态测试。理论计算在成本低,易于实施,但这种方法是对实际条件的近似,难以逼近真实车祸场景。动态测试可以很好地模拟真实的碰撞事故,但由于成本高、测试周期长、不能匹配整车开发周期等因素而难以实施。因此,迫切需要一种低成本、操作简便且高效的评估方法来解决这一问题。为了解决现有的理论计算方法虽能提供一定的数据支持,但在模拟真实碰撞环境方面存在局限性,而动态实验方法则因高昂的成本和复杂的实施条件而难以普遍实施。本研究通过创新的试验方法设计一种模拟试验台,旨在提供一种更接近实际碰撞条件的汽车门锁性能评估方式。本文首先分析了传统试验方法的不足,进而详细介绍了基于向心加速度的试验方法的理论基础和实施过程。并介绍了一种Line Segment数学模型,用于计算使用拉索释放系统产生的惯性力,该模型补充了现行标准中的不足。此外,这种方法通过模拟GB 15086规定的30-36g加速度通道条件,来测试门锁在极端情况下的性能。特别地,本研究集中于优化汽车门锁装置的空间设计,特别是关于门锁拉索尺寸的优化,以减小试验装置的整体体积,从而提高试验的可操作性和实用性。通过对门锁系统的CAE分析和刚体动力学模拟,本研究不仅深入探讨了在高加速度条件下门锁系统的动态响应,还验证了新试验方法在模拟实际碰撞场景方面的有效性。研究结果与实际传统试验结果对比表明,相较于传统方法这种新方法在准确性、经济性和实用性方面具有明显优势,能更真实地反映汽车门锁在实际碰撞中的性能表现。综上所述,本研究提出的基于向心加速度的汽车门锁耐惯性试验方法,在理论与实践两个层面均展现出创新性和实用性。这一新方法不仅为汽车门锁的耐惯性能评价提供了一种新的视角和技术路径,也为提高汽车安全性标准和保护乘客安全提供了重要支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study aims to design an inertia test bench for automobile door lock systems based on centripetal acceleration.The passive safety of automobile door locks plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of passengers in vehicle accidents.Under extreme collision conditions,it is imperative for door lock devices to maintain a locked state to protect occupants from potential ejection or intrusion of foreign objects caused by inadvertent door opening.Automobile door locks are critical safety components and are regulated items in automotive legislation.The performance of these products directly impacts the personal and property safety of vehicle occupants.Therefore,meeting regulatory safety requirements for door locks is of paramount importance.The ease of detection of safety requirements directly affects the development progress and research costs of automotive component enterprises.To address the issue of accidental door opening during collisions,Global Technical Regulation No.1(GTR No.1)was adopted at the136th session of the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations(WP29)in 2004.GTR No.1 establishes requirements for the inertial load capacity of door locks for M1 and N1 category vehicles:the door lock(in the unlocked position)must withstand a 30g inertial load in the specified direction without releasing from the fully locked position.Regarding the inertial load-bearing capacity of lock systems,GTR No.1 divides the evaluation methods into two modes.One is based on theoretical calculations using numerical models or engineering drawings of the door lock device under evaluation.The other involves dynamic testing using complete vehicle door lock systems mounted on fixtures fixed to acceleration(deceleration)devices.While theoretical calculations are cost-effective and easy to implement,they approximate actual conditions and are challenging to match with real crash scenarios.Dynamic testing can simulate real collision accidents well but is difficult to implement due to high costs,long testing cycles,and inability to match the entire vehicle development cycle.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a low-cost,easy-to-operate,and efficient evaluation method to address this issue.To address the limitations of existing theoretical calculation methods,which provide some data support but are limited in simulating real collision environments,and the challenges of dynamic experimental methods due to high costs and complex implementation conditions,this study innovatively designs a simulated test bench based on centripetal acceleration.It aims to provide a more realistic evaluation of automobile door lock performance.This thesis first analyzes the shortcomings of traditional test methods and then elaborates on the theoretical basis and implementation process of the test method based on centripetal acceleration.This method tests the performance of door locks under extreme conditions by simulating the 30-36g acceleration channel specified by GTR No.1.Specifically,this research focuses on optimizing the spatial design of automobile door lock devices,particularly the optimization of door lock cable dimensions,to reduce the overall volume of the test rig,thereby improving the operability and practicality of the test.Through CAE analysis and rigid body dynamics simulation of door lock systems,this study not only delves into the dynamic response of door lock systems under high acceleration conditions but also validates the effectiveness of the new test method in simulating actual collision scenarios.A comparison of the research results with actual traditional test results shows that compared to traditional methods,this new method has significant advantages in accuracy,economy,and practicality,providing a more realistic reflection of the performance of automobile door locks in actual collisions.In summary,the inertia test method for automobile door locks based on centripetal acceleration proposed in this study demonstrates innovation and practicality at both theoretical and practical levels.This new method not only provides a new perspective and technical approach for evaluating the inertia performance of automobile door locks but also provides important support for improving automotive safety standards and protecting passenger safety.更多还原