幼儿园课程弹性个案研究

【作者】 周静；

【导师】 孔起英；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 学前教育学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 幼儿园课程改革是学前教育改革的重点之一,也是幼儿园教育质量提升的关键。教师教育观念的转变、幼儿园育人环境的改善,最终都要落实到课程的设计和实施中去,进而影响幼儿园教育的质量和育人实效。幼儿园课程弹性是幼儿园课程根据教育对象的具体情况和教育过程的进展状况进行适当调整,从而具有自主性和灵活性的伸缩属性,其直接反映了幼儿园课程的灵活性和适宜性,具有重要研究价值。本研究旨在探讨幼儿园课程弹性的现实样貌和影响因素,以个案研究为主要研究方法,选取南京市H幼儿园为研究对象。通过访谈、观察、实物分析等方式收集资料,对H园幼儿园课程设计和实施的弹性状况做全面细致的考察,为幼儿园课程弹性建设的具体操作层面提供思考和借鉴。本研究重点对H幼儿园在主题的生成、目标的确定、内容的组织与实施以及课程评价等方面进行分析和概括。通过对H幼儿园课程建设的弹性状况进行比较和归纳,发现该园的课程总体上是灵活的、富于生成;松弛的、富有张力的;融合的、生活化的。总体呈现出一定的丰富性、回归性、关联性和严密性。就课程建设主体“活教师”而言,该园教师总体呈现出关注儿童、看见儿童、读懂儿童的职业特征,是葆有童心善于发现的敬业之师、积极向上共同生活的乐业之师、研究反思实践返本的专业之师。同时,进一步编码总结分析该园课程弹性的形成机制,发现该园以自主、愉悦、合作、创造的活教师的培养为根本,以活教育引领下的园所文化和教育共识作为思想指引,以限度、温度、精度并重的有效管理提供实践保障,注重全景式、全主体、多层级的教研建设以提供内生动力,并以反思型实践为根基,以课程审议和嵌入式教研支撑教师的真实思考和有效评估,及时回应幼儿的现时需要和即时兴趣,从而使得课程具备极强的灵活性和适宜性。最后,针对该园幼儿园课程弹性建设的具体状况,提出以下建议:关注教师专业成长,让活教师助力活课程;重视园所文化建设,拓展课程思想空间;关注园所弹性管理,助力课程过程性开发;打造全景式、多维度、层级化的教研体系,为课程弹性提供内生动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this study is to explore the realistic appearance and influencing factors of kindergarten curriculum elasticity,using case studies as the main research method,and selecting Nanjing H Kindergarten as the research object.Collect data through interviews,observations,physical analysis,and other methods to conduct a comprehensive and detailed investigation of the flexibility of curriculum design and implementation in H Kindergarten,providing thinking and reference for the specific operational level of kindergarten curriculum flexibility construction.This study focuses on analyzing and summarizing the generation of themes,determination of goals,organization and implementation of content,and curriculum evaluation of H Kindergarten.By comparing and summarizing the elastic situation of curriculum construction in H Kindergarten,it is found that the curriculum in this kindergarten is generally flexible and generative;Relaxed and full of tension;Integrative and life oriented.Overall,it presents a certain degree of richness,regression,relevance,and rigor.As for the main body of curriculum construction,"living teachers",the kindergarten teachers generally exhibit professional characteristics of caring for children,seeing children,and understanding children.They are dedicated teachers who maintain a childlike innocence and are good at discovering,happy teachers who actively live together,and professional teachers who study,reflect,and return to practice.At the same time,further coding,summarizing,and analyzing the formation mechanism of the curriculum elasticity of the park,it was found that the park is based on the cultivation of independent,joyful,cooperative,and creative living teachers,guided by the culture and educational consensus of the park under the guidance of living education,providing practical assurance through effective management that emphasizes limits,temperature,and accuracy,and emphasizing the panoramic,all-subject,multi-level teaching and research construction to provide endogenous motivation,Based on reflective practice,curriculum review and embedded teaching research support teachers’authentic thinking and effective evaluation,and timely respond to children’s current needs and immediate interests,making the curriculum highly flexible and appropriate.Finally,based on the specific situation of curriculum flexibility construction in the kindergarten,the following suggestions are proposed:Pay attention toTeachers’professional growth,enabling live teachers to assist with live courses;Attach importance to the construction of campus culture and expand the ideological space of the curriculum;Pay attention to the flexible management of kindergartens and institutions,and assist in the process development of courses;Create a panoramic,multi-dimensional,hierarchical teaching and research system to provide endogenous impetus for curriculum flexibility.更多还原