【作者】 张丽丽；

【导师】 张升堂；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 地质资源与地质工程， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 推动海绵城市水生态建设,需要高效发挥城市绿地的雨水截留效应,实现雨洪资源化利用。城市生态园林建设强调利用城市绿地,降低城市开发对生态环境产生的影响。园林植物的冠层截留是生态系统水量平衡的重要组成部分,地表植被通过截留减少到达地面的降雨量,有效减缓地表径流。目前对城市绿地建设的研究中,多研究植物冠层在单一时期的降雨截留作用,较少分析不同生长周期冠层截留效果的差异。为探究冠层叶片在不同生长周期的截留能力,研究选取了9种青岛地区常见园林乔木树种,通过浸泡法、人工模拟降雨法试验,对汛期的乔木冠层截留能力进行研究。通过观察冠层截留饱和状态,研究展叶期、旺盛期和凋零期的植物冠层叶片截留效果的差异。分析园林乔木在不同时期的冠层叶片截留潜力及其与叶片性状之间的耦合关系,为海绵城市绿地建设提供参考。研究结果如下:(1)降雨初期,水滴会在叶片表面形成薄膜,水滴迅速积聚,乔木冠层的截留能力会迅速增加。随着降雨历时的增加,冠层截留能力增速变缓。当冠层的截留能力达到饱和状态时,截留特征值不再继续增加,且不同树种的乔木到达截留饱和的时间存在差异性。(2)不同降雨强度下的乔木截留能力不同,浸泡法不能完全反映在降雨法测定的冠层截留能力,二者存在转化系数。研究结果显示植被的截留能力与降雨强度呈负相关,同一类型乔木的截留过程中,降雨强度越小,截留效果越好。(3)冠层叶片截留能力:凋零期>旺盛期>展叶期,落叶乔木的变化程度比常绿乔木更加明显。不同类型的乔木截留能力不同,相比于落叶乔木,常绿乔木的冠层叶片失水较少。常绿乔木多为革质,吸水能力较弱,在不同时期的冠层叶片含水量减少程度比落叶乔木低。在相同降雨强度下,落叶乔木比常绿乔木的冠层截留率高。(4)因叶片自身的性状因素不同导致冠层截留能力存在差异,叶片形态特征与截留能力有极大关联性。冠层的最大截留量与叶鲜重、叶面积呈极显著正相关关系,与其他的叶片形态因子的相关性不显著。对冠层叶片性状特征进行主成分分析,计算各树种的综合截留能力,综合对比9种园林乔木,广玉兰和梧桐的总体截留能力较强。在海绵城市的绿地建设中,城市园林树种的选择对实现雨水截留和提高城市生态质量至关重要。结合不同生长周期的叶片截留试验结果,合理选择应用植被,为海绵城市建设中园林树种的选取提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To promote the water ecological construction of sponge city,it is necessary to give full play to the rainwater interception effect of urban green space and realize the utilization of rainwater resources.Urban ecological garden construction emphasizes the use of urban green space to reduce the impact of urban development on the ecological environment.The canopy interception of garden plants is an important part of the water balance of the ecosystem.The surface vegetation reduces the rainfall reaching the ground by interception and effectively slows down the surface runoff.At present,in the study of urban green space construction,the rainfall interception effect of plant canopy in a single period is studied,and the difference of canopy interception effect in different growth cycles is less analyzed.In order to explore the interception ability of canopy leaves in different growth cycles,nine common garden tree species in Qingdao were selected.The canopy interception ability of trees in flood season was studied by soaking method and artificial simulated rainfall method.By observing the saturation state of canopy interception,the difference of interception effect of plant canopy leaves in leaf expansion period,vigorous period and withering period was studied.The canopy leaf interception potential of garden trees in different periods and its coupling relationship with leaf traits were analyzed to provide reference for the construction of sponge city green space.The results of the study are as follows:(1)In the early stage of rainfall,water droplets will form a film on the surface of the leaves,and the water droplets will accumulate rapidly,and the interception capacity of the tree canopy will increase rapidly.With the increase of rainfall duration,the growth rate of canopy interception capacity slowed down.When the interception capacity of the canopy reaches saturation,the interception characteristic value no longer continues to increase,and the time for trees of different tree species to reach interception saturation is different.(2)The interception capacity of trees under different rainfall intensities is different.The soaking method cannot fully reflect the canopy interception capacity measured by the rainfall method,and there is a conversion coefficient between them.The results showed that the interception capacity of vegetation was negatively correlated with rainfall intensity.During the interception process of the same type of trees,the smaller the rainfall intensity,the better the interception effect.(3)Canopy leaf interception capacity:withering period>vigorous period>expansion period,the change degree of deciduous trees is more obvious than that of evergreen trees.Different types of trees have different interception capacity.Compared with deciduous trees,evergreen trees have less water loss in canopy leaves.Evergreen trees are mostly leathery and have weak water absorption capacity.The reduction of canopy leaf water content in different periods is lower than that of deciduous trees.Under the same rainfall intensity,the canopy interception rate of deciduous trees was higher than that of evergreen trees.(4)Due to the different traits of the leaves themselves,there are differences in canopy interception capacity,and there is a great correlation between leaf morphological characteristics and interception capacity.The maximum interception of canopy was significantly positively correlated with leaf fresh weight and leaf area,but not significantly correlated with other leaf morphological factors.Principal component analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of canopy leaf traits,and the comprehensive interception ability of each tree species was calculated.The comprehensive comparison of 9 garden trees showed that the overall interception ability of Magnolia grandiflora and Firmiana simplex was stronger.In the construction of green space projects in sponge cities,the selection of urban garden tree species is very important to realize rainwater interception and improve urban ecological quality.Combined with the results of leaf interception test in different growth periods,the application of vegetation was reasonably selected to provide a basis for the selection of garden tree species in sponge city construction.更多还原