【作者】 陈涛；

【导师】 周贤永；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 公共管理， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,推动公众参与城市公共服务共建共治共享,是建设城市治理共同体以及解决城市治理“最后一公里”问题的重要方面。共享单车治理不仅关乎到城市的发展规划和治理格局,还直接影响了公众的公共福祉。然而,公众作为共享单车服务及治理的受益群体,存在无序停放、违规骑行、合作惰性等问题,加之政府部门、企业更多地关注自身在共享单车治理中的责任博弈,造成共享单车治理呈现出典型的自上而下模式,在激励公众参与共享单车治理方面的方式方法有待创新。在现有研究中,共同生产理论被视为是弥补政府治理失灵、引导公众实现“价值共创”的新兴治理工具。但值得注意的是,当前关注“什么是共同生产”的描述性研究较多,而对于“如何调动公众有效地参与共同生产”却鲜有涉及,共享单车治理领域的实证研究则更为少见,无法有效揭示公众在共享单车治理中共同生产的内在逻辑。因此,本文以成都市共享单车治理为案例,构建了影响公众在共享单车治理中共同生产行为的作用机制,识别并探究影响公众共同生产行为决策的关键因素及不同影响因素之间的交互作用,为引导公众参与治理、协助政府部门制定针对性与多样性的政策措施提供理论参考。本研究从微观公众视角出发,首先,在文献梳理的基础上,清晰界定了共享单车治理、公众共同生产行为的概念;其次,分析了成都市共享单车治理的政策演进和访谈资料,结合共同生产理论和计划行为理论,以社会交换因素(社交激励、物质激励、规范感召、精神激励)和社会心理因素(服务认同、自我效能)为自变量,以行为意愿为中介变量,以社会环境因素(社会信任、制度环境)为调节变量,共同构建了因变量为共享单车治理中公众共同生产行为的研究模型;最后,为验证研究模型和研究假设,本文向成都市“5+2”区域内的公众发放问卷,共收回有效问卷435份。通过SPSS26.0和AMOS24.0等统计软件对样本数据进行实证分析。结果表明,上述三种变量均对共享单车治理中公众共同生产行为存在不同的影响程度,其中社交激励、物质激励、服务认同和自我效能是关键影响因素。行为意愿作为中介变量,在物质激励、社交激励、规范感召、自我效能和服务认同与共享单车治理中公众共同生产行为之间发挥中介作用。同时,社会信任和制度环境作为调节变量,正向调节了物质激励、社交激励、自我效能、服务认同对共享单车治理中公众共同生产行为的作用。此外,根据共同生产在共享单车治理情境中的全新阐释,在影响公众共同生产行为的归因上不仅增加了社会环境因素的实证结果,还综合考察了多种因素的交互机制对公众共同生产行为的影响,便于更好地剖析公众参与共享单车治理的决策过程。对此,立足于研究结果和访谈资料,针对加强引导成都市共享单车治理中公众共同生产行为,提出了加强物质奖惩力度、拓展社交激励方式、提升公众自我效能、强化服务认同、优化制度环境以及提升社会信任等方面的对策建议。本研究不仅丰富了共同生产理论和计划行为理论对解释和预测公众共同生产行为的实证研究,拓展了中国治理情境下共同生产的本土化研究,也有助于管理者更好地设计多样化共享单车治理方案,鼓励公众积极参与社会治理等实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the promotion of public participation in urban public services and shared governance is an important aspect of building an urban governance community and solving the problem of the"last kilometer"of urban governance.Bicycle-sharing governance is not only related to urban development planning and governance pattern,but also directly affects the public’s public welfare.However,as the beneficiary group of shared bicycle service and governance,there are problems such as disorderly parking,illegal riding,and cooperative inertia,etc.,coupled with the fact that government departments and enterprises pay more attention to their own management game in shared bicycle governance,resulting in a typical administrative-led model of shared bicycle governance,and ways and means to incentivize the public to participate in shared bicycle governance need to be innovated.In existing research,the theory of co-production is regarded as an emerging governance tool to compensate for the failure of government governance,and can guide the public to realize"value co-creation".However,it is worth noting that there are more descriptive studies focusing on"what is co-production",while there are few studies on"how to mobilize the public to effectively participate in co-production",and empirical studies in the field of bicycle-sharing governance are even more rare,which cannot effectively reveal the internal logic of public co-production in bicycle-sharing governance.The empirical research in the field of bicycle-sharing governance is even more rare,which cannot effectively reveal the internal logic of public co-production in bicycle-sharing governance.Therefore,this thesis takes shared bicycle governance in Chengdu City as a case study,constructs a mechanism that influences the public’s co-production behavior in shared bicycle governance,identifies and explores the key factors that influence the public’s decision-making on co-production behavior,and identifies the interactions between different influencing factors,so as to provide theoretical reference for guiding public participation in governance and assisting government departments in formulating targeted and diversified policy measures.Starting from the micro-public perspective,first,the concepts of shared bicycle governance and public co-production behavior are clearly defined on the basis of literature combing;second,the policy evolution of shared bicycle governance in Chengdu City and interview data are analyzed,and the theory of co-production and the theory of planned behavior are synthesized to take social exchange factors(social incentives,material incentives,normative appeal,and spiritual incentives)and socio-psychological factors(service identification and self-efficacy)as independent variables.With behavioral willingness as the mediating variable,and social environmental factors(social trust,institutional environment)as the moderating variable,and jointly constructed a research model in which the dependent variable is the public’s co-production behavior in the governance of shared bicycles;finally,in order to validate the research model and the research hypotheses,this thesis distributes questionnaires to the public in the Chengdu"5+2"region,and a total of 435 valid questionnaires were returned.A total of 435 valid questionnaires are collected.SPSS26.0 and AMOS24.0 are used to analyze the sample data empirically.The results show that all three variables mentioned above have different degrees of influence on public co-production behaviors in shared bicycle governance,with social incentives,material incentives,service identification and self-efficacy as the key influencing factors.Behavioral willingness acts as a mediating variable between material incentives,social incentives,normative appeal,self-efficacy and service identity and public co-production behavior in shared bicycle governance.Meanwhile,social trust and institutional environment as moderating variables positively moderated the role of material incentives,social incentives,self-efficacy,and service identity on public co-production behavior in bike sharing governance.In addition,based on the new interpretation of co-production in the context of shared bicycle governance,this thesis not only adds the empirical results of social environment factors in the attribution of influencing public co-production behavior,but also comprehensively examines the influence of the interaction mechanism of multiple factors on public co-production behavior,which facilitates a better dissection of the decision-making process of the public’s participation in the governance of shared bicycles.In this regard,based on the above findings and interview data,countermeasures are proposed to enhance the guidance of public co-productive behavior in bicycle sharing governance in Chengdu City,such as strengthening material rewards and punishments,expanding social incentives,improving public self-efficacy,reinforcing service recognition,optimizing the institutional environment,and enhancing social trust.It not only enriches the empirical studies of co-production theory and theory of planned behavior in explaining and predicting public co-production behaviors and expands the localized research on co-production in China’s governance context,but also helps administrators to better design diversified bike-sharing governance programs and encourages public participation in social governance with positive practical implications.更多还原