【作者】 黄振；

【导师】 袁凯； 唐荣欣；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 电子信息（专业学位）， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 短波通信(3-30 MHz)凭借其远距离传输和适应性强等特性,在军事及应急通信领域具有不可替代的作用。在现代军事电子对抗中,多通道短波接收机的测向定位精度主要受限于通道间的幅相一致性。本研究针对多通道短波接收机射频模拟前端的幅相一致性校准问题展开研究,重点解决复杂电磁环境下由硬件差异、信号路径不一致及环境变化等因素引起的幅相失配问题。本研究中,通过梳理了短波通信技术背景及多通道接收机研究现状,深入分析了幅相不一致对系统性能的影响机制。在二端口网络理论和分析方法基础上,优化了三端口网络分析方法,建立了射频前端组件的幅相一致性分析模型,并据此优化了关键器件的选型方案。在硬件设计方面,通过改进预选带通滤波器和中频滤波器的群时延特性,有效抑制了相位波动;同时设计了一款具有高线性度和低噪声系数的低噪声放大器,显著降低了非线性失真对幅相一致性的影响。基于上述设计,试制了接收机模拟通道射频前端样件,并对各射频前端的各元器件、单个通道射频前端样件进行了实验实测、多模拟通道射频前端联合实验实测。实验结果表明:所研制的接收机前端在3-30 MHz工作带宽内,单通道增益大于50 dB且波动小于1.38 dB;多通道间幅度一致性控制在±2.9 dB以内,相位一致性优于±6.4°,完全满足高精度通信测向系统的技术要求。通过系统级仿真与实物测试的对比验证,充分证明了所提方案的有效性和工程实用性。在此基础上,设计制作了加强多通道接收机通道间隔离度的外壳组件。本研究的主要贡献在于:1)建立了多通道短波接收机幅相一致性校准的理论模型;2)提出了基于硬件优化的幅相一致性提升方法;3)为短波通信系统的可靠性增强和抗干扰能力提升提供了有效的技术途径。研究成果对军事电子对抗装备的性能改进具有工程应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shortwave communication(3-30 MHz),leveraging its long-distance transmission capability and high adaptability,plays an indispensable role in military and emergency communication sectors.In modern military electronic warfare,the direction-finding and positioning accuracy of multi-channel shortwave receivers is primarily constrained by the amplitude-phase consistency among their channels.This study focuses on the calibration of amplitude-phase consistency in the RF analog front-end of multi-channel shortwave receivers,aiming to address the amplitude-phase mismatch issues caused by hardware variations,signal path discrepancies,and environmental changes in complex electromagnetic environments.In this study,we systematically reviewed the technical background of shortwave communication and the research status of multi-channel receivers,thoroughly analyzing the influence mechanism of amplitude-phase inconsistency on system performance.Based on the two-port network theory and analytical methods,we proposed a three-port network analysis approach and established an amplitude-phase consistency analysis model for RF front-end components,which guided the optimization of key device selection.For hardware design,phase fluctuations were effectively suppressed by improving the group delay characteristics of preselection bandpass filters and intermediate frequency filters.Meanwhile,a low-noise amplifier with high linearity and low noise figure was designed,significantly reducing the impact of nonlinear distortion on amplitude-phase consistency.Based on the aforementioned design,prototype samples of the receiver’s analog channel RF front-end were fabricated.Comprehensive experimental measurements were conducted,including individual component characterization,single-channel RF front-end evaluation,and multi-channel joint testing.The experimental results demonstrate that the developed receiver front-end achieves the following performance metrics within the 3-30 MHz operational bandwidth:single-channel gain exceeding 50dB with fluctuations less than 1.38 dB;inter-channel amplitude consistency within±2.9dB;and phase consistency better than±6.4°,fully satisfying the technical requirements for high-precision communication and direction-finding systems.The proposed methodology has been rigorously validated through comparative analysis between system-level simulations and physical measurements,confirming both its effectiveness and engineering practicality.Furthermore,an enhanced multi-channel receiver housing assembly was designed and manufactured to improve isolation between analog channels,thereby completing the system integration.The main contributions of this study are as follows:1)Establishment of a theoretical model for amplitude-phase consistency calibration in multi-channel shortwave receivers;2)Proposal of a hardware-optimization-based method for i mproving amplitude-phase consistency;3)Provision of effective technical appro aches for enhancing the reliability and anti-interference capability of shortwave communication systems.The research findings hold significant engineering appl ication value for enhancing the performance of military electronic warfare equi pment.更多还原