【作者】 周莹；

【导师】 魏万青；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 公共管理， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 我国始终将民生建设置于重要地位,尤其是社会保障制度的完善方面。然而,面对新形势新挑战,现行社会保障制度仍存在显著短板。其中,灵活就业群体,特别是流动人口中的自主创业者,面临突出的社会保障缺口。近年来,随着国家政策的积极引导和市场环境的优化,自主创业群体规模迅速扩大,自主创业已成为流动人口就业的重要形式。与此同时,数字经济的快速发展催生了多元化的就业模式,为流动人口创业提供了新机遇,但也对社会保障制度提出了更高的要求。最低工资标准作为劳动力市场的一项基础性和引导性政策工具,是政府干预劳动力市场提升高质量就业的重要政策,不仅直接关乎劳动者的基本权益保障,更在潜移默化间影响着流动人口的创业选择和创业收入。然而,当前大量自主创业者游离在社保覆盖范围之外,面临着保障缺失或不足的困境。此外,现有的社会保障政策和相关研究多集中于受雇劳动者,较少关注最低工资标准对流动人口中自主创业群体的重要影响。基于此,本文利用2018年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据和各区、市的最低工资标准,运用包容性发展理论和劳动关系理论,探究最低工资标准与流动人口自主创业之间的关系。首先,本文关注最低工资标准对流动人口自主创业选择的影响。其次,本文将聚焦最低工资标准对流动人口创业收入的影响,并重点分析该影响的作用机制,同时从内生性、替换变量和剔除特定样本等角度展开稳健性检验。并从自我雇佣类型、区域差异以及年龄差异等方面进行异质性分析。研究发现:其一,最低工资标准的提升使得流动人口因生计压力而被迫选择自主创业的意愿有所降低。其二,上调最低工资标准能够增加流动人口自主创业收入。其三,通过采取替换变量和剔除特定样本等方式进行稳健性检验发现,回归结果与基准回归所得结论一致,表明最低工资标准对创业收入的促进作用的结论具有较强稳健性。其四,通过中介机制分析发现,就业结构的改变会产生具有抑制效应的中介作用,而提高居民的消费能力是最低工资标准影响流动人口中自主创业群体创业收入的重要渠道。通过调节机制分析发现,数字普惠金融的发展正向调节最低工资对创业收入的促进作用。其五,异质性分析发现,在机会型创业、东部地区和青年组创业群体中,最低工资标准的提升对自主创业收入的促进效果更强。基于研究结论,本文提出以下政策建议:构建流动人口创业支持的最低工资协同机制、提高流动人口自主创业群体的社会保障水平、提升流动人口自主创业群体的数字技能以及推动数字普惠金融助力流动人口创业增收。本研究为提高数字时代自主创业群体收入,完善社会保障体系,促进社会公平与经济活力,助力共同富裕目标的实现提供了启发。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has always placed great importance on building people’s livelihoods,especially in improving the social security system.However,in the face of new circumstances and challenges,there are still significant shortcomings in the current social security system.Among them,flexible employment groups,especially self-employed entrepreneurs among the floating population,face prominent social security gaps.In recent years,with the active guidance of national policies and the optimisation of the market environment,the scale of self-employment groups has expanded rapidly,and self-employment has become an important form of employment for the floating population.At the same time,the rapid development of the digital economy has given rise to diversified employment modes,providing new opportunities for the migrant population to start their own businesses,but also placing higher demands on the social security system.As a basic and guiding policy tool in the labour market,the minimum wage is an important policy for the government to intervene in the labour market to promote high-quality employment,which is not only directly related to the protection of basic rights and interests of the workers,but also influences the willingness of the migrant population to start up their own businesses and their entrepreneurial incomes in a subtle way.However,a large number of self-employed entrepreneurs are currently outside the scope of social security coverage,facing the plight of lack of or insufficient protection.In addition,existing social security policies and related studies have mostly focused on employed workers,with less attention paid to the important impact of the minimum wage standard on the self-employment group among the mobile population.Based on this,this paper uses data from the"2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey"and the minimum wage standard of each city to explore the relationship between the minimum wage standard and self-employment among the mobile population by applying inclusive development theory and labor relations theory.Firstly,this paper focuses on the impact of the minimum wage standard on the entrepreneurial willingness of the mobile population.Secondly,this paper will focus on the impact of the minimum wage standard on the entrepreneurial income of the mobile population,and furthermore,this paper will focus on analysing the mechanism of this impact,while launching a robustness test from the perspectives of endogeneity,substitution of variables,and exclusion of specific samples.Heterogeneity is also analysed in terms of self-employment type,regional differences as well as age differences.It is found that,firstly,the increase in the minimum wage makes the mobile population less willing to choose self-employment due to the pressure of livelihood.Second,an increase in the minimum wage can increase the income of the mobile population from self-employment.Third,the robustness test by replacing variables and excluding specific samples finds that the regression results are consistent with the findings of the benchmark regression,indicating that the conclusion that the minimum wage standard promotes entrepreneurial income is highly robust.Fourthly,the analysis of the mediation mechanism finds that the change of employment structure produces a mediating effect with a dampening effect,and the improvement of the consumption capacity of residents is an important channel through which the minimum wage standard affects the entrepreneurial income of the self-employed entrepreneurial group in the floating population.The analysis of the moderating mechanism finds that the development of digital inclusive finance positively moderates the promotional effect of the minimum wage on entrepreneurial income.Fifth,the heterogeneity analysis finds that the promotion effect of the minimum wage standard on self-employment income is stronger in the opportunity-based entrepreneurship,eastern region and youth group entrepreneurship groups.Based on the findings of the study,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations:building minimum wage synergy mechanisms for migrant entrepreneurship support,improving the social security level of the floating population self-employment group,enhancing the digital skills of the floating population self-employment group,and promoting digital inclusive finance to help the floating population increase their income from entrepreneurship.This study provides inspiration for improving the income of self-employed entrepreneurs in the digital age,improving the social security system,promoting social equity and economic vitality,and helping to achieve the goal of common prosperity.更多还原