【作者】 刘颖；

【导师】 钱小飞； 凌锋；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 旺苍方言属于西南官话成渝片。本文主要从语音实验的角度,以调查所得800条语音材料为基础,使用Praat、Excel等软件标注、统计当下旺苍方言不同性别群体单字、双字组连读变调的音高和调长数据;对比前人研究结果,最终归纳出旺苍方言的单字调模式、双字调变调模式和调长序列。单字调模式是研究双字组连读变调模式的基础。关于旺苍方言的音系特征,本文在对比前人研究的基础上,结合当下语音事实,设置单字调语音实验,获得160条单字语音数据,通过数据的处理与分析,最终归纳出旺苍方言单字调模式和调长序列。旺苍方言共有4个声调,分别是T1(44)、T2(31)、T3(451)、T4(214);调长序列为:T4>T1>T2>T3。在获取旺苍方言单字调模式的基础上,开展对旺苍方言双字调连读变调规律的探究。通过对4位发音人共计640条两字组语音数据的处理和分析,采用T值法、“斜差”策略等理论,消除语音信息的个性差异,最终探究出旺苍方言两字组连读变调规律。研究发现旺苍方言两字组同时存在调位性变化和非调位性变化两种变调形式,采用五度值形式归纳其变调模式。分别从前后字的角度出发,总结出旺苍方言两字组变调规律:整体来说,在旺苍方言双字调连读变调模式中,前字变调相较于后字更加统一,后字的变调情况则相对复杂;且同时存在调位性变化和非调位性变化。旺苍方言4个单字调中有2个(T3、T4)是曲折调,这使得在连读过程中广泛存在简化型变调;同时,同调连读时大都存在异化型变调;中和型变调则只存在于T2+T1的调类组合中。前字:T1和T3作前字时的变调模式较为统一,且都发生变调,无论后字如何,均变为升调;其中,T1由原来的高平调[44]变为低升调[23]/[24],T3则由升降调[451]变为中升调[34]/[35]。T2作前字时,在T1/T2/T3前均由中降调[31]变为低平调[22],在T4前不发生变调。T4作前字时,仅在T1前发生调位性变化,由曲折调[214]变为低降调[21];在T2/T3前则只发生非调位性变化,末尾升调部分降低,整体调值变为[212];在T4前不发生变调。后字:T1作后字时,调形变化较为复杂;在T1后不发生变调;在T2后调形不变,调位降低,由高平调[44]变为中平调[33];在T3后声调起点不变,调形由平调变为高降调[42];在T4后则终点不变,变为低升调[24]。T2和T3作后字时的变化最为统一,均变为不同程度的降调;不同的是,T2属于非调位性变化,T3则属于调位性变化;T2除在T2后不发生变调,其他情况下,降调起点升高、降幅增大,变为[52]/[41];T3则由先升后降的曲折调[451]变为降幅程度不同的降调[52]/[31]/[41]。T4作后字时,均发生变调,主要分为两种:在T1/T3/T4后,由曲折调变为起点不同但降幅一致的高降调[52]/[41];在T2后则变为低升调[13]。除音高以外,时长也是重要的声学参数。本文采用T值法、相对调长公式对旺苍方言两字组绝对调长进行归一化处理,获得双字调相对时长数据。在此基础上加以对比分析,最后从前后字的角度归纳其相对调长序列:前字:T1>T2>T4>T3后字:T1>T2>T3>T4更多还原

【Abstract】 The Wangcang dialect belongs to the Chengdu-Chongqing slice of the Southwest Official Dialect.This paper mainly focuses on the perspective of phonological experiment,based on the 800 pieces of phonological materials obtained from the survey,using Praat,Excel and other software to annotate and count the pitch and tonal length data of the single-word and double-word groups of different gender groups of the Wangcang dialect;comparing with the results of the previous researches,the single-word tuning patterns,double-word tuning patterns and tonal length sequences of the Wangcang dialect are summarized in the end.The single-word tuning pattern is the basis for the study of the two-word group of legato modulation patterns.Regarding the phonological features of the Wangcang dialect,this paper sets up a single-word tone experiment based on the comparison of previous studies and the current phonetic facts,obtains 160 pieces of single-word phonetic data,and finally summarizes the single-word tone patterns and tonal length sequences of the Wangcang dialect through the processing and analysis of the data.There are four tones in Wangcang dialect,which are T1(44),T2(31),T3(451),and T4(214);and the tonal length sequence is:T4>T1>T2>T3.On the basis of obtaining the single-word tonal patterns of Wangcang dialect,the investigation of the tonal variation patterns of Wangcang dialect double-word tones was carried out.Through processing and analyzing a total of 640 two-word group speech data from four speakers,and adopting the theories of T-value method and"slant difference"strategy to eliminate the individual differences of the speech information,we finally explored the two-word group prosodic pattern of the Wangcang dialect.It is found that the two-word group of Wangcang dialect has both tonal and non-tonal modulation,and its modulation pattern is summarized in the form of five degrees.The modulation patterns of the two-word groups in Wangcang dialect are summarized from the perspectives of the preceding and following characters:On the whole,in the two-word tonal prosody pattern of the Wangcang dialect,the prosody of the former characters is more uniform than that of the latter characters,while the prosody of the latter characters is relatively complex;and there are both tonal and non-tonal variations.In Wangcang dialect,two of the four single-word tones(T3 and T4)are zigzag tones,which makes simplified modulation widely exist in the process of continuous reading;at the same time,dissimilatory modulation exists in most of the cases of continuous reading of the same tones;and neutralized modulation exists only in the combination of the tone categories T2+T1.Pre-word:T1 and T3 as prefixes have relatively uniform modulation patterns,and all of them undergo modulation to ascending tones regardless of the suffixes;among them,T1 changes from high flat[44]to low ascending[23]/[24],while T3changes from ascending and descending[451]to middle ascending[34]/[35].When T4 is used as a preword,only a tonal change occurs before T1,from a zigzag[214]to a low-flat[21];before T2/T3,only a non-tonal change occurs,with a partial lowering of the final ascending tone,and the overall tonal value changes to[212];no tonal change occurs before T4.After word:When T1 is used as a postword,the tonal shape changes are more complex;no tonal change occurs after T1;the tonal shape remains unchanged after T2,with a lowering of the tonal position from high flat[44]to medium flat[33];the tonal starting point remains unchanged after T3,and the tonal shape changes from a flat to a high descending tonality[42];and the ending point remains unchanged after T4,with a change to low ascending tonality[24].The changes are most uniform for the postword used as a postword for T2 and T3,which all change to different degrees of T2 and T3 have the most uniform changes when they are postpositions,and both change to different degrees of descending;the difference is that T2 is a non-tonic change,while T3 is a tonic change;T2 does not have a tonic change after T2,but in all other cases,the starting point of the descending tone rises and the descending amplitude increases,and it becomes[52]/[41];and T3 changes from a zig-zagging tone that rises and then descending[451]to descending tones that fall in different degrees of descending[52]/[31]/[41].change in pitch,which is mainly divided into two types:after T1/T3/T4,it changes from a zigzag tone to a high descending tone with a different starting point but the same degree of descending[52]/[41];and after T2,it changes to a low ascending tone[13].Besides pitch,duration is also an important acoustic parameter.In this paper,the T-value method and the relative duration formula are used to normalize the absolute duration of the two-word group of Wangcang dialect,and obtain the relative duration data of the two-word tone.On this basis,it is compared and analyzed,and finally its relative tuning length sequence is summarized from the perspective of front and back words:Pre-word:T1>T2>T4>T3After word:T1>T2>T3>T4更多还原