【作者】 刘媛；

【导师】 蔡善勇；

【作者基本信息】 北京邮电大学 ， 电子科学与技术， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科技的迅猛发展,空间光通信(Free Space Optical Communication,FSO)技术凭借其高带宽、低延迟和抗干扰性强等优势,已成为现代通信领域的重要组成部分。FSO能够在空天地海一体化网络中提供高速数据传输能力,是实现全球通信网络的关键技术之一。然而,空间光通信的光束发散角小,能否建立光学连接依赖于捕获、跟踪和瞄准(Acquisition,Tracking,Pointing,ATP)系统的能力。本文聚焦于海上空间光通信场景下的ATP系统的设计,针对光束动态对准、光学系统设计及大视场快速捕获等关键技术展开研究,主要研究工作如下:1、针对船舶抖动条件下激光通信系统稳定跟踪的需求,完成了ATP系统的方案设计,根据系统应用场景及要求,提出了系统设计参数和设计方案。针对船舶载体平台的摇摆特性,量化分析了平台抖动误差对ATP系统光束指向稳定性的影响,验证了参数设计的可行性。2、针对海上激光通信系统的光学建链需求,完成了 ATP系统的光学系统的设计与研制,分别对光学系统的激光发射单元、望远镜单元以及光学中继单元进行了详尽的分析与设计,完成了反射式光学天线与激光发射单元、光学中继单元的一体化设计与搭建。3、针对海上激光通信的快速捕获需求,提出了一种基于闪耀光栅的大视场捕获技术,通过不同波长激光在探测器上形成的光斑阵列,有效拓宽了 ATP捕获系统的视场范围。实验结果表明,在双波长(808nm与850nm)测试下,视场扩展了约15.7mrad,为ATP系统的快速捕获奠定了基础。研究成果为空间光通信ATP系统的工程化设计提供了理论支持和技术储备,对提升我国空间信息传输能力具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid advancement of science and technology,Free Space Optical Communication(FSO)has emerged as a critical component in modern communication systems due to its advantages of high bandwidth,low latency,and strong anti-interference capabilities.FSO enables highspeed data transmission within integrated space-air-ground-sea networks,serving as a pivotal technology for global communication networks.However,the small beam divergence angle of FSO means that establishing an optical link depends critically on the capabilities of the Acquisition,Tracking,and Pointing(ATP)system This study focuses on the design of an ATP system tailored for maritime free-space optical communication scenarios.It addresses several key technical challenges including dynamic beam alignment,optical system design,and large-field-of-view rapid acquisition.The main research contributions are summarized as follows:1.A comprehensive scheme for the ATP system was developed to meet the requirements of stable tracking under ship-induced vibration conditions.Based on the application scenarios and functional requirements of the system,key design parameters and corresponding implementation strategies were proposed.Considering the swaying characteristics of shipborne platforms,the impact of platform jitter errors on beam pointing stability in the ATP system was quantitatively analyzed,which validated the feasibility of the proposed design parameters.2.To satisfy the requirements for optical link establishment in maritime laser communication,the optical subsystem of the ATP system was designed and developed.Detailed analysis and design were conducted for the laser transmitter unit,telescope unit,and optical relay unit.A compact integrated assembly combining a reflective optical antenna,laser transmitter,and relay optics was realized through optical path multiplexing and component layout optimization.3.To address the requirement for rapid acquisition in maritime laser communication,a novel large-field-of-view acquisition technique based on blazed gratings was proposed.This approach utilizes laser spot arrays formed by different wavelengths on the detector to effectively expand the field of view(FOV)of the ATP system.Experimental results demonstrated that the FOV was extended by approximately 15.7mrad under dualwavelength testing(808 nm and 850 nm),significantly enhancing the efficiency and stability of the ATP system’s acquisition process.The research outcomes provide theoretical support and technical foundations for the engineering design of ATP systems in free-space optical communication,holding significant value in advancing China’s capabilities in space-based information transmission.更多还原