【作者】 张蕾；

【导师】 张守凤；

【作者基本信息】 济南大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2025， 硕士

【摘要】 随着数字经济时代的加速演进,新一代信息技术深度重构企业价值创造体系,数字化转型已成为企业突破发展瓶颈、构筑新型竞争优势的战略选择。然而,企业普遍面临技术渗透不足、组织惯性阻滞、收益不确定等现实转型困境。另一方面,数字经济衍生出的就业新机会与新形态展现出强大的就业吸纳力,科学评估数字化转型对企业就业规模和就业结构的影响有利于实现高质量就业。基于此,本文致力于解决两大核心问题:其一,多维度解构企业数字化转型前因组态,为企业数字化转型实践提供路径参考;其二,揭示不同组态类型的企业数字化转型对企业的就业规模与就业结构的异质性影响,以新视角探究企业数字化转型的就业效应。为回答以上问题,本文以企业数字化转型为主题,遵循“理论分析-因素识别-组态探寻-就业影响”的逻辑展开研究:首先,通过阐述基础理论并综合国内外已有成果梳理出基于TOE(Technology-Organization-Environment)理论框架下的企业数字化转型的前因条件;其次,采用动态定性比较分析(QCA),从时空维度检验了技术、组织和环境层面的前因条件对企业数字化转型的组态效应并根据核心存在条件划分组态类型;最后,利用倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法,基于反事实推断模型分析不同类型的数字化转型前因组态对企业就业规模、就业结构的异质性影响。研究发现:(1)企业数字化转型受多重并发因果关系支配,任何单一因素都不足以支撑转型目标实现,但管理者能力首先成为瓶颈因素;(2)识别出5个企业高水平数字化转型的前因组态,按核心存在条件可提炼为技术-环境型、技术-组织-环境型2种组态类型;(3)在时间维度上,各组态一致性呈现“先升后降”特征,2018-2020年5个组态的一致性均呈现上升趋势,而2020-2021年5个组态的一致性均呈现下降趋势,2021-2022年出现升降性分化;(4)在空间维度上,有4个组态的样本覆盖度分布存在地区差异,呈现出显著的区域异质性;(5)2种高水平数字化转型的组态类型对企业就业规模存在差异性,技术-环境型可以促进企业就业规模的扩大,而技术-组织-环境型对企业就业规模具有微弱抑制作用;2种转型类型对企业就业结构的影响并无明显差异,均能造成低技能员工占比下降以及高技能和中等技能员工占比的上升。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the accelerated evolution of the digital economy era,the deep integration of next-generation information technologies has profoundly restructured enterprise value creation systems.Digital transformation has become a strategic choice for enterprises to break through development bottlenecks and build new competitive advantages.However,enterprises commonly face practical challenges in digital transformation,including inadequate technology adoption,organizational inertia,and uncertain returns.On the other hand,new employment opportunities and emerging forms of work derived from the digital economy demonstrate remarkable labor absorption capacity.A systematic assessment of digital transformation’s impact on corporate employment scales and occupational structures is therefore crucial for achieving high-quality employment development.Based on this,this paper is committed to solving two core problems:First,it deconstructs the antecedent configuration of enterprise digital transformation in multiple dimensions,and provide path reference for enterprise digital transformation practice;Second,it reveals the heterogeneous impact of enterprise digital transformation on its employment scale and employment structure under different configurations,and explores the employment effect of enterprise digital transformation from a new perspective.To address these research questions,this study focuses on enterprise digital transformation and develops its investigation through a"theoretical analysis-factor identification-configuration exploration-employment impact"framework.First,it establishes the antecedent conditions for enterprise digital transformation within the Technology-Organization-Environment(TOE)theoretical framework by synthesizing foundational theories and existing domestic and international literature.Second,employing dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA),the research examines the configurational effects of technological,organizational,and environmental antecedents on digital transformation across temporal and spatial dimensions,subsequently classifying configuration archetypes based on core causal conditions.Finally,utilizing propensity score matching(PSM)within a counterfactual framework,the analysis evaluates the differential impacts of distinct digital transformation configurations on corporate employment scale and occupational structures.The findings are as follows:(1)Enterprise digital transformation is driven by multiple concurrent causal relationships,and no single factor is sufficient to support the realization of transformation goals,but the management ability becomes the bottleneck factor first;(2)Five antecedent configurations for high-level digital transformation are identified,which can be refined into two types of configurations according to the core existence conditions:technology-environment type and technology-organization-environment type;(3)In terms of time dimension,the consistency of each configuration presents a"first rise and then decline"trend,and the consistency of the five configurations shows an upward trend from 2018 to 2020,while the consistency of the five configurations shows a downward trend from 2020 to 2021.(4)In spatial dimension,four configurations exhibit regional disparities in sample coverage distribution;(5)There are differences between the two types of high-level digital transformation configurations on the scale of employment.The technology-environment type can promote the expansion of the scale of employment,while the technology-organization-environment type has a weak inhibitory effect on the scale of employment.There is no significant difference in the impact of the two types of transformation on the employment structure of enterprises,and both can cause the proportion of low-skilled employees to decline and the proportion of high-skilled and medium-skilled employees to rise.更多还原